TABLES 


FOB  TUB 


ETEKMINATION  OF  MINERALS 

ARRANGED  FOR  THE  STUDENTS  OF  THE 


SCHOOL  OF  MINES 


COIUMBIA  COLLEGE, 


BY 

THOMAS  EGLESTOH,. 

Professor  of  Mineralogy  and  Metallurgy. 
FOURTH  EDITION. 


HEW  YORK: 
1871 


Entered,  according  to  Act  of  Congress,  in  the  year  1870,  by 
THOMAS  EGLESTON, 

In  the  Clerk’s  Office  of  the  District  Court  of  the  United  States  for  the 
Southern  District  of  New  York. 


Stephen  Angell,  Printer,  410  Fourth  Avenue. 


CONTEXTS. 


Contents, m 

Introduction, v 

Classification  of  the  Species  according  to  Crystalline  Form,  . vi 
Classification  of  the  Species  according  to  Hardness,  ....  yiii 
Classification  of  the  Species  according  to  Specific  Gravity,  . . . x 

Classification  of  the  Species  (Systematic  Arrangement),  . . . xm 

Systems  of  Crystallization, xv 

Scale  of  Hardness, • xv 

Scale  of  Fusibility, xvi 

Tables, page  1 

Index, * page  25 


| 


INTRODUCTION. 


The  following  tables  have  been  arranged  for  the  use  of  the  students  of 
the  School  of  Mines.  They  have  been  condensed  from  the  lectures  and  are 
intended  to  familiarize  the  student  with  the  principal  characteristics  of 
minerals,  so  that  by  the  aid  of  two  or  three  questions,  relating  to  the  opera- 
tions they  would  be  obliged  to  perform  in  the  field,  a mineral  can  be  deter- 
mined. They  have  been  used  with  marked  success  in  the  practical  study  of 
mineralogy  for  several  years. 

T.  EGLESTON. 

School  of  Mines,  1871. 


1 

CLASSIFICATION  OF  THE  SPECIES 

ACCORDING  TO 

CRYSTALLINE  FORM. 

ISOMETRIC. 

Diamond, 

Kalinite, 

Ullmannite, 

Tennantite, 

Garnet, 

Iron, 

Sphalerite, 

Tetrahedrite, 

Lapis  Lazuli, 

Magnetite, 

Lead, 

Mercury, 

Hauynite, 

Franklinite, 

Galenite, 

Silver, 

Leucite, 

Pyrite, 

Clausthalite, 

Amalgam, 

Analcite, 

Pharmacosiderite, 

Arsenolite, 

Argentite, 

Halite, 

Chromite, 

Senarmontite, 

Cerargyrite, 

Sal  Ammoniac, 

Alabandite, 

Uraninite, 

Bromyrite, 

Fluorite, 

Linnaeite, 

Copper, 

Embolite, 

Boracite, 

Smaltite, 

Cuprite, 

Gold, 

Spinel, 

Cobaltite, 

Bornite, 

Platinum. 

TETEAGONAL. 

Zircon, 

Scheelite, 

Stannite, 

Wulfenite, 

Vesuvianite, 

Braunite, 

Rutile, 

Torbernite, 

Wernerite, 

Hausmannite, 

Octahedrite, 

Chalcopyrite, 

Apophyllite, 

Cassiterite, 

Stolzite, 

Calomel. 

ORTHORHOMBIC. 

Sulphur, 

Staurolite, 

Aphthitalite, 

Aragonite, 

Chrysolite, 

Calamine, 

Thenardite, 

Epsomite, 

Iolite, 

Prehnite, 

Mascagnite, 

Diaspore, 

Muscovite, 

Natrolite, 

Barite, 

Wavellite, 

Lepidolite, 

Stilbite, 

Witherite, 

Chrysoberyl, 

Chondrodite, 

Talc, 

Celestite, 

Goethite. 

Andalusite, 

Serpentine, 

Strontianite, 

Marcasite, 

Topaz, 

Nitre, 

Anhydrite, 

Leucopyrite, 

i 

DETERMINATIVE  MINERALOGY. 


Arsenopyrite, 

Scorodite, 

Columbite, 

Wolframite, 

Pyrolusite, 

Manganite, 

Triplite, 


Wollastonite, 

Pyroxene, 

Spodumene, 

Petalite, 

Amphibole, 

Epidote, 

Orthoclase, 

Fibrolite, 

Euclase, 


Sassolite, 

Rhodonite, 

Anorthite, 


Water, 

Tellurium, 

Graphite, 

Quartz, 

Beryl, 

Willemite, 

Phenacite, 

Biotite, 

Nephelite, 

Tourmaline, 

Dioptase, 


Carbonic  Acid, 
Opal, 

Chrysocolla, 

Chlorastrolite, 


vi  i 


Goslarite, 

Orpiment, 

Brochantite, 

Brookite, 

Valentinite, 

Atacamite, 

Bournonite, 

Stibnite, 

Libethenite, 

Anglesite, 

Autunite, 

Olivenite, 

Cerussite, 

Molybdite, 

Stephanite, 

Bismuthinite, 

Aikenite, 

Chalcosite, 

Polybasite. 

MONOCLINIC. 

Datolite, 

Natron, 

Erythrite, 

Titanite, 

Barytocalcite, 

Annabergite, 

Pectolite, 

Gypsum, 

Crocoite, 

Laumontite, 

Pharmacolite, 

Realgar, 

Harmotome, 

Alunogen, 

Kermesite, 

Heulandite, 

Melanterite, 

Liroconite. 

Glauberite, 

Vivianite, 

Malachite, 

Mirabilite, 

Borax, 

Bieberite, 

Azurite. 

TRICLIISriC. 

Labradorite, 

Albite, 

Cryolite, 

Oligoclase, 

Cyanite, 

Chalcanthite. 

HEXAGONAL. 

Chabazite, 

Pyrfhotite, 

Bismuth, 

Prochlorite, 

Copiapite, 

Tetradymite, 

Soda  Nitre, 

Siderite, 

Arsenic, 

Apatite, 

Menaccanite, 

Antimony, 

Calcite, 

Rhodochrosite, 

Molybdenite, 

Dolomite, 

Millerite, 

Cinnabar, 

Brucite, 

Niccolite, 

Proustite, 

Magnesite, 

Zincite, 

P^Fargyrite, 

Corundum, 

Smithsonite, 

Iodyrite, 

Alunite, 

Pyromorphite, 

Iridosmine. 

Hematite, 

Mimetite, 

AMORPHOUS. 

Sepiolite, 

Arseniosiderite, 

Zaratite, 

Aluminite, 

Psilomelane, 

Hydrozincite, 

Turquois, 

Wad, 

Minium. 

Limonite, 

Remingtonite, 

CLASSIFICATION  OF  THE  SPECIES 


H.  <1 

Carbonic  Acid, 

Mercury, 

Molybdite, 

Sassolite, 

Water. 

I5.=0*5 — 6 

Wad. 

II. =1—1*5 

Cerargyrite, 

Embolite, 

Iodyrite, 

Kermesite, 

Molybdenite, 

Natron, 

Talc. 

II. =1—2 

Aluminite, 

Arseniosiderite, 

Bromyrite, 

Calomel, 

Graphite. 

II. =1—2-5 

Sulphur. 

II.  = 1-5 

Arsenolite, 

Brucite, 

Copiapite, 

Ice, 

Lead. 


ACCORDING  TO 

HARDNESS. 


H.=l-5=2 

Alunogen, 

Gypsum, 

Mirabilite, 

Orpiment, 

Realgar, 

Sal-Ammoniac, 

Soda-Nitre, 

Tetradymite, 

Yivianite. 

II. =1-5— 2-5 

Erythrite. 

II. =2 

Melanterite, 

Nitre, 

Stibnite. 

II. =2 — 2*25 

Epsomite. 

II. =2 — 2*5 

Aikinite, 

Argentite, 

Autunite, 

Bismuth, 

Bismuthinite, 

Borax, 

Cinnabar, 

Goslarite, 

Hydrozincite, 

Liroconite, 

Mascagnite, 

Pharmacolite, 

Prochlorite, 

Proustite, 


Pyrargyrite, 

Pyrolusite, 

Senarmontite, 

Stephanite, 

Tellurium, 

Thenardite, 

Torbernite. 

II. =2 — 3 

Chrysoeolla, 

Kalinite, 

Lepidolite, 

Minium, 

Polybasite. 

II. =2*5 

Chalcanthite. 

Cryolite, 

Halite, 

Muscovite, 

Pharmacosiderite, 

Sepiolite. 

II. =2*5 — 2*7 

Galenite. 

II. =2*5— 3 

Annabergite, 

Bournonite, 

Clialcocite, 

Clausthalite, 

Copper, 

Crocoite, 

Glauberite, 

Gold, 

Silver, 

Y alentinite. 


II. =2*5 — 3*5 

Barite, 

Calcite. 

II. =2-7 — 2*9 

Biotite. 

H.=2*7— 3 

Anglesite, 

Wulfenite. 

H.=2*75 — 3 

Stolzite. 

II. =3 

Bornite, 

Olivenite, 

Serpentine. 

H.= 3 — 3*2 

Zaratite. 

H.=3 — 3*5 

Amalgam, 

Anhydrite, 

Antimony, 

Aphthitalite, 

Atacamite, 

Celestite, 

Cerussite, 

Millerite. 

H.=3 — 4*5 

Tetrahedrite. 


8 


DETERMINATIVE  MINERALOGY. 


IX 


H.=3*2-4 

Wavellite. 

II. =3-5 

Arsenic, 

Laumontite, 

Mimetite. 

II. =3-5— 3-7 

Witherite. 

II.— 3*5 — 4 

Alabandite, 

Alunite, 

Aragonite, 

Brochantite, 

Chalcopyrite, 

Cuprite, 

Dolomite, 

Heulandite, 

Malachite, 

Pyromorphite, 

Scorodite, 

Sphalerite, 

Stilbite, 

Strontianite, 

Tennantite. 

H.=3-5=4-2 


Azurite. 

M.=3-5 — 4*5 

Magnesite, 

Pyrrhotite, 

Rhodochrosite, 

Siderite. 

H.=4 

Barytocalcite, 

Fluorite, 

Libethenite, 

Manganite, 

Stannite. 


II.  =4 — 4*5 

Chabazite, 

Platinum, 

Zincite. 

H.=4 — 5 

Pectolite. 

II.=4-5 

Iron, 

Harmotome. 

II. =4*5 — 5 

Apatite, 

Apophyllite, 

Scheelite, 

Wollastonite. 

II. =5 

Calamine, 

Chromite, 

Dioptase, 

Franklinite, 

Smithsonite. 

H.=5— 5-5 

Groethite, 

Hausmannite, 

Leucopyrite, 

Limonite, 

Natrolite, 

Niccolite, 

Titanite, 

Triplite, 

Ullmannite, 

Wolframite. 

II. =5 — 6 

Amphibole, 

Cyanite, 

Menaccanite, 

Psilomelane, 

Pyroxene, 

Wernerite. 


II. =5— 6*5 

Hematite. 

11=5-5 

Analcite, 

Chromite, 

Cobaltite, 

Datolit^ 

Lapis  Lazuli, 
Linnseite, 
Uraninite, 
Willemite. 

II. =5*5 — 6 

Arsenopyrite, 

Brookite, 

Chlorastrolite, 

Hauynite, 

Leucite, 

Magnetite, 

Nephelite, 

Octahedrite, 

Smaltite. 

M.=5-5— 6-5 

Opal, 

Rhodonite. 

SI. =6 

Anorthite, 

Columbite, 

Labradorite, 

Oligoelase, 

Orthoclase, 

Turquois. 

H.=6— 6*5 

Albite, 

Braunite, 

Chondrodite, 

Marcasite, 

Petalite, 

Pyrite, 

Rutile. 

II. =6— 7 

Cassiterite, 

Fibrolite, 


Iridosmine, 

Prehnite. 

SI. =6-5 

Epidote, 

V esuvianite. 

H.=6-5— 7 

Chrysolite, 

Diaspore, 

G-arnet, 

Spodumene. 

SI. =7 

Boracite, 

Quartz. 

II. =7— 7-5 

Iolite, 

Staurolite, 

Tourmaline. 

SI. =7*5 


SI.  = 7-5— 8 

Beryl, 

Phenacite. 


SI. =9 

Corundum. 

H.  = l© 

Diamond. 

H.  undetermined. 

Bieberite, 

Remingtonite. 


SI. =8 

Spinel, 

Topaz. 

II. =8-5 

Chrysoberyl. 


Andalusite, 

Euelase, 

Zircon. 


CLASSIFICATION  OF  THE  SPECIES 


ACCORDING  TO 


SPECIFIC  GRAY 


0.-0*918 — 1 

Water. 

G.=l*2— 1*6 

Sepiolite. 

G.=l*4 

Mirabilite, 

Natron. 

G.=I‘48 

Sassolite. 

G.=l*5 

Carbonic  Acid, 
Sal-Ammoniac. 

G.=l*5— 1*8 

Kalinite. 

G.=l*6 

Aluminite. 

G.=l*6— 1*8 

Alunogen. 

G.  = l*7 

Aphthitalite, 

Borax, 

Epsomite, 

Mascagnite. 

G.=l*8 

Melanterite. 

G.=l*9 

Nitre. 

G.=l*9-2*1 

Goslarite. 


<£.=1*9— 2*3 

Opal. 

G.=2 

Graphite. 

G.=2— 21 

Chabazite. 

G.=2— 2*2 

Clirysocolla, 

Soda-Nitre, 

Stilbite. 

G.=2— 2-5 

Biotite. 

G. =2*072 

Sulphur. 

G.=2*l— 2*2 

Heulandite, 

Natrolite. 

G.=2*l — 2*5 

Halite. 

G.=2*2 

Analcite, 

Clialcanthite. 

G. =2*28— 2*41 

Laumontite. 

G.=2*3 

Brucite, 

Gypsum, 

W avellite. 

G.=2*3 — 2*4 

Lapis  Lazuli. 


G.=2*35— 2*39 

Apophyllite. 

G.=2*4 

Harmotome. 

G.=2*4— 2*5 

Leucite. 

G.=2*4 — 2*8 

Haiiynite. 

G.=2*42— 2*45 

Petalite. 

G.=2.47— 2*6 

Serpentine. 

G.=2*5 — 2*6 

Iolite, 

N eph  elite, 
Zaratite. 

G.=2*5 — 2*7 

Alunite, 

Calcite, 

Quartz. 

G.=2*53— 2*59 

Orthoclase. 

G.= 2*54— 2*64 

Albite. 

G.=2*0 

Yivianite. 

G. =2*6— 2*7 

Anorthite, 

Beryl, 

Labradorite, 


T Y. 


Oligoclase, 

Pharmaeolite, 

Wernerite. 

G.=2*6 — 2*8 

Glauberite, 

Prochlorite, 

Talc, 

Turquois. 

G.=2*6— 3 

Phenacite. 

G.=2*7 

Thenardite. 

G.=2*7 — 2*8 

Pectolite. 

G.=2*7 — 2*9 

Wollastonite. 

G.=2*8 — 2*9 

Anhydrite, 

Dolomite, 

Liroconite, 

Prehnite. 

G.=2*8 — 3 

Datolite, 

Lepidolite, 

Magnesite. 

G.=2*8 — 3*1 

Muscovite. 

G.=2*9 

Aragonite, 

Boracite, 

Erythrite. 


10 


DETERMINATIVE  MINERALOGY. 


XI 


G.=2*9— 3 

Cryolite, 

Pharmacosiderite. 

G.=2-9 — 3*4 

Araphibole. 

<r;.=3— 3*i 

Annabergite, 

Autunite, 

Euclase. 

G.=3-3*2 

Tourmaline. 

G.=3*l 

Chondrodite, 

Fluorite. 

G.=3*l — 3.2 

Andalusite, 

Spodumene. 

G.=3*l — 3*3 

Scorodite. 

G. =3*15-4 

Garnet. 

G.=3*18 

Chlorastrolite. 

G.=3*2 

Fibrolite. 

G.=3-2— 3*3 

Dioptase. 

G.=3*2-3-5 

Pyroxene. 

G.=3-25 

Apatite. 

G.=;3*3 — 3.4 

Chrysolite, 

Vesuvianite. 

G.=3-3— 3-5 

Diaspore. 

G.=3*3— 3-7 

Titanite. 

«. =3-3—4 

Epidote. 


G.=3*35— 3*5 
Calamine. 

G.=3*4 

Orpiment. 

G.=3*4 — 3*6 

Realgar, 

Rhodonite, 

Rhodoclirosite. 

G.=3-4— 3*8 

Staurolite, 

Triplite. 

G.=3-5 

Arseniosiderite, 

Topaz. 

G. =3*5— 3*6 

Cyanite, 

Hydrozincite, 

Torbernite. 

G.=3-5— 3-8 

Azurite, 

Chrysoberyl. 

G. =3-5— 4-9 

Spinel. 

G.=3-55 

Diamond. 

G.=3-6 

Arsenolite, 

Barytocaleite, 

G.=3*6— 3*7 

Strontianite. 

G.=3*G — 3*8 

Libethenite. 

G.=3-6— 4 
Limonite. 
G.=3-7  -3-9 
Siderite. 

G.=3*7 — 4 
Malachite. 


G.=3-7— 4-3 

Psilomelane. 

G.=3  8— 3-9 

Brochantite, 

Octahedrite. 

G.=3-8— 41 

Willemite. 

G.=3-9 
Celestite. 
G.=3*9 — 4 

Alabandite, 

Corundum, 

Sphalerite. 

G.  = 4— 4-3 

Atacamite. 

G.=4— 4-4 

Goethite, 

Smithsonite. 

G.=4 — 4*5 

Bornite. 

G.=4 — 4*7 

Zircon. 

G.=4— 4-8 

Barite. 

G.=4-l 

Brookite. 

G.=4  1—4*2 

Rutile. 

G.=4*l— 4*3 

Chalcopyrite. 

G.=4-l— 4-4 

Olivenite. 

G.=4*2— 4*3 

Witherite. 

G. =4*2— 4-4 

Manganite. 

G.=4-3— 4-4 

Tennantite. 


G.=4-3— 4-5 

Chromite, 

Stannite. 

G.=4-4— 4-7 

Pyrrhotite. 

G.  =4*4— 4-8 

Molybdenite. 

G.=4-4— 5 

Bornite. 

G. =4-5— 4-6 

Kermesite, 

Stibnite. 

G.=4*5— 5 

Menaccanite. 

G.=4-5— 5-1 

Tetraliedrite. 

G.=4*5— 5*3 

Hematite. 

G.=4*6 

Minium. 

G.=4*6— 4*8 

Marcasite. 

G.=  £-7 

Hausmannite. 

G.=4*7— 4*8 

Braunite. 

G.=4-8— 4-9 

Pyrolusite. 

G.=4-8— 5 

Linnaeite, 

Pyrite. 

G.=4-9— 5-1 

Magnetite. 

G.=5-2 — 5-3 

Senarmontite. 

G.=5*2— 5*G 

Millerite. 


I 

! 


IL 


XII 


DETERMINATIVE  MINERALOGY. 


CL=5*3— 5-8 

Embolite. 

G.=5*4— 5*5 

Proustite. 

G.=5*4 — 5*8 

Zincite. 

G.=5*4 — 6*4 

Columbite. 

G.=5*5 

Cerargyrite, 
Iodyrite, 
Valentinite.  • 

G.=5%5— 5*8 
Chalcocite. 
G.=5*5 — 6*5 
Franklinite. 
G.=5*7— 5*9 
Bournonite, 
Pyrargyrite. 

G.=5*8 — 6 

Bromyrite, 

Cuprite. 

G.=5*9 

Arsenic. 

G.=5*9-6*l 

Crocoite. 


G.=6 

Scheelite. 

G.=6— 6*3 

Cobaltite. 

G.=6 — 6*4 

Arsenopyrite. 

G.=6*l — 6*3 

Tellurium. 
G.=61— 6-8 
Aikinite. 

G.=6‘2 

Anglesite, 

Polyasite, 

Stephanite. 

G. =6*2— 6*5 
Ullmannite. 
G.=6*3 — 6*9 
Wulfenite. 
G.=6*3— 7*1 
Cassiterite. 
G.=6‘4 

Calomel, 

Cerussite, 

Uraninite. 

0.=6*4 — 6*5 

Bismuthinite. 


G.=6*4— 7 

Smaltite. 

G.=6*5 — 7 

Pyromorphite. 

G.=6*6 — 6*7 

Antimony. 

G.=7— 8*7 

Leucopyrite. 

G.=7 — 8*8 

Clausthalite. 

G.=7*l — 7*2 

Mimetite. 

G.=7*l— 7*3 

Argentite. 

G.=7*l— 7*5 

Wolframite. 

G*=7*2 — 7*7 

Galenite. 

<Gr.  = 7-2— 8*4 

Tetradymite. 

G.  = 7*3— 7-6 

Niccolite. 

G.=7*3 — 7*8 

Iron. 

G.=7’8 — 8*1 

Stolzite. 


G.=8*9 

Cinnabar, 

Copper. 

G.=9*7 

Bismuth. 

G-= 10—14 

Amalgam. 

G.=l*01 — 11*1 

Silver. 

G.=11‘4 

Lead. 

G.=13*5 

Mercury. 

G.=15— 19 

Cold. 

G.=16— 19 

Platinum. 
G.=19— 21 

Iridosmine. 

Undetermined. 

Bieberite, 

Copiapite, 

Molybdite, 

Remingtonite, 

Wad. 


XIII 


CLASSIFICATION  OF  THE  SPECIES. 


SYSTEMATIC  ARKANGEMENT. 


Hydrogen. 

Water.  page 

Sulphur. 

Sulphur. 

Tellurium. 

Tellurium. 

Carhon. 

Diamond, 
Graphite, 
Carbonic  Acid. 

Boron. 

Sassolite. 


Phenadte  Group. 

1 Willemite, 
Phenacite,  p.  3 

Garnet  Group. 
Garnet. 

Vesuvianite  Group. 
Zircon, 

Vesuvianite. 

Epidote  Group. 
Epidote. 

Iolite  Group. 
Iolite. 


Silicon. 

Oxygen  Compounds. 
Quartz, 

Opal. 

SILICATES. 

ANHYDROUS  SILI- 
CATES. 

I.  Bisilicates. 
Amphibole  Group. 
Wollastonite,  p.  2 
Pyroxene, 
Rhodonite, 
Spodumene, 
Petalite, 
Amphibole. 


Mica  Group. 
Biotite, 

Muscovite, 

Lepidolite. 

Scapolite  Group. 
Wernerite,  p.  4 

Nephelite  Group. 
Nephelite. 

Leucite  Group. 
Lapis  Lazuli, 
Hauynite, 

Leucite. 

Feldspar  Group. 


Beryl  Group. 
Beryl. 

II.  Unisilicates. 
Chrysolite  Group. 
Chrysolite. 


Anorthite, 

Labradorite, 

Oligoclase, 

Albite, 

Orthoclase,  p.  5 


III.  Subsilicates. 
Chondrodite, 
Tourmaline, 
Andalusite, 
Fibrolite, 

Cyanite,  ^ 

Topaz,  ^ - 
Euclase, 

Datolite, 

Titanite,  p.  6 
Staurolite. 

HYDROUS  SILICATES. 

I.  Bisilicates. 
Pectolite  Group. 
Pectolite, 
Laumontite. 

Dioptase  Group. 
Dioptase, 
Chrysocolla. 

II.  Unisilicates. 
Calamine  Group. 
Calamine, 

Prehnite, 
Chlorastrolite. 
Apophyllite  Group. 
Apophyllite.  p.  7 

ZEOLITE  SECTION. 

I.  Unisilicates. 
Natrolite. 

II.  Bisilicates. 
Analcite, 

Chabazite, 

Harmotome, 


Stilbite, 

Heulandite. 

MARGAROPHYLLITE 

SECTION. 

I.  Bisilicates. 
Talc  Group. 
Talc. 

Sepiolite  Group. 
Sepiolite. 

II.  Unisilicates. 
Serpentine  Group. 
Serpentine.  p.  8 

III.  Subsilicates. 
Chlorite  Group . 

Prochlorite. 

Pota§sium. 

Nitre, 

Aphthitalite. 

Sodium. 

Soda  Nitre, 
Thenardite, 
Glauberite, 
Mirabilite, 

Halite, 

Borax,  p.  9 

Natron. 

Ammonium. 

Mascagnite, 

Sal  Ammoniac. 

Barium. 

Barite, 

Witherite, 

Barytocalcite. 


XIY 


DETERMINATIVE  MINERALOGY. 


Strontium. 

Celestite, 

Strontianite. 

Calcium. 
Anhydrite,  p.  10 
Gypsum, 

Fluorite, 

Apatite, 

Pharmacolite, 

Aragonite, 

Calcite, 

Dolomite, 

Scheelite. 

Magnesium. 
Brucite,  p.  11 

Epsomite, 

Boracite, 

Magnesite, 

Spinel. 

Aluminium. 

Corundum, 

Diaspore, 

Aluminite, 

Alunogen, 

Alunite,  p.  12 

Kalinite, 

Cryolite, 

Turquois, 

Wavellite, 

Chrysoberyl. 

Iron. 

Iron, 

Magnetite, 
Franklinite, 
Hematite,  p.  13 

Goethite, 

Limonite, 

Pyrrhotite, 

Pyrite, 

Marcasite, 

Melanterite, 

Copiapite, 

Vivianite. 


Leucopyrite,  p.  14 

Arsenopyrite, 

Scorodite, 

Pharmacosiderite 

Arseniosiderite, 

Siderite, 

Menaccanite, 

Chromite, 

Columbite, 

Wolframite,  p.  15 

Manganese. 

Braunite, 

Hausmannite, 

Pyrolusite, 

Manganite, 

Psilomelane, 

Wad, 

Alabandite, 

Triplite, 

Rhodochrosite,p.  1 6 

Cobalt. 

Linnaeite, 

Bieberite, 

Smaltite, 

Cobaltite, 

Erythrite, 
Remingtonite, 


Titanium. 

Rutile, 

Octahedrite, 

Brookite. 

Lead. 

Lead, 

Minium, 

Galenite, 
Bournonite, 
Anglesite, 
Clausthalite, 
Pyromorphite,  p.19 
Mimetite, 

Cerussite, 

Crocoite, 

Stolzite, 

Wulfenite. 


Nickel. 

Millerite, 

Niccolite, 

Ullmannite, 

Annabergite, 

Zaratite. 

Zinc. 

Zincite, 

Sphalerite, 

Goslarite, 

Smithsonite, 

Hydrozincite. 

Tin. 

Cassiterite, 

Stannite. 


p.  17 


p.  18 


Bismuth. 

Bismuth, 
Bismuthinite, 
Aikinite, 

Tetradymite,  p.  20 
Arsenic. 
Arsenic, 

Arsenolite, 

Realgar, 

Orpiment. 

Antimony. 

Antimony, 
Senarmontite, 
Valentinite, 
Stibnite, 

Kermesite.  p.  21 
Uranium. 

Uraninite, 

Autunite, 

Torbernite. 

Molybdenum. 

Molybdite, 

Molybdenite. 


Copper. 

Copper, 

Cuprite, 

Chalcocite, 

Bornite,  p.  22 

Chalcopyrite, 

Tennantite, 

Tetrahedrite, 

Chalcanthite, 

Brochantite, 

Atacamite, 

Libethenite, 

Olivenite, 

Liroconite,  p.  23 
Malachite, 

Azurite. 

Mercury. 

Mercury, 

Cinnabar, 

Calomel. 

Silver. 

Silver, 

Amalgam, 

Argentite, 

Proustite, 

Stephanite,  p.  24 

Pyrargyrite, 

Polybasite, 

Cerargyrite, 

Bromyrite, 

Embolite, 

Iodyrite. 

, Gold. 

Gold. 

Platinum. 

Platinum. 

Iridium. 

Iridosmine. 


XV 


SYSTEMS  OF  CRYSTALLIZATION. 


NO. 

SIMPLE  FORMS. 

AXES. 

1 

Octahedron,  or  cube. 

3 axes  rectangular  and  equal. 

2 

Tetragonal  pyramid,  or  right  prism  with 
a square  base. 

3 axes  rectangular,  2 equal. 

3 

Rhombic  pyramid,  or  right  prism  with  a 
rhombic  base. 

3 axes  rectangular,  and  unequal. 

4 

Monoclinic  pyramid,  or  inclined  rhombic 
prism. 

3 axes  unequal,  2 rectangular. 

5 

Triclinic  pyramid,  or  doubly  inclined 
rhomboidal  prism. 

3 axes  unequal,  and  unequally  inclined. 

6 

Hexagonal  pyramid,  hexagonal  prism, 
or  rhombohedron. 

4 axes,  3 equal  and  equally  inclined,  1 
at  right  angles  to  the  other  three. 

NAMES  USED  BY  DIFFERENT  AUTHORS. 

NO. 

MOHS. 

WEISS  & 
ROSE. 

PHILLIPS. 

NAUMANN. 

DELAFOSSE. 

DANA. 

1854. 

DANA. 

1869. 

1 

Tessular. 

Regular. 

Cubic. 

Tesseral. 

Cubic. 

Monomet- 

ric. 

Isometric. 

2 

Pyramidal. 

2 and  1 
axial. 

Pyramidal. 

Tetragon- 

al. 

Tetragon- 

al. 

Dimetric. 

Tetragonal. 

3 

Orthotype. 

1 and  1 
axial. 

Prismatic. 

Rhombic. 

Ortho- 

rhombic. 

Trimetric. 

Orthorhomb- 

ic. 

4 

Hemior- 

thotype. 

2 & 1 mem- 
bered. 

Oblique. 

Monoclino- 

hedric. 

Clino- 

rhombic. 

Monoclin- 

ic. 

Monoclinic. 

5 

Anortho- 

type. 

1 & 1 mem- 
bered. 

Anorthic. 

Triclino- 

hedric. 

Clino- 

hedric. 

Triclinic. 

Triclinic. 

G 

Rhombo- 

hedral. 

3 and  1 
axial. 

Rhombo- 

hedral. 

Hexagonal. 

Hexagonal. 

Hexagonal. 

Hexagonal. 

SCALE  OF  HARDNESS. 


1.  — Talc.  Laminated  light  green  variety.  Easily  scratched  by  the  nail. 

2.  — Gypsum.  Crystallized  variety.  Not  easily  scratched  by  the  nail.  Does  not  scratch 

a copper  coin. 

3.  — Calcite.  Transparent  variety.  Scratches  and  is  scratched  by  a copper  coin. 

4.  — Fluor.  Crystalline  variety.  Not  scratched  by  a copper  coin.  Does  not  scratch  glass. 

5.  — Apatite.  Transparent  variety.  Scratches  glass  with  difficulty.  Easily  scratched  by 

the  knife. 

5.5.-Scapolite.  Crystalline  variety. 

6.  — Orthoclase.  White  cleavable  variety.  Scratches  glass  easily.  Not  easily  scratched 

by  the  knife. 

7.  — Quartz.  Transparent  variety.  Not  scratched  by  the  knife.  Yields  with  difficulty  to 

the  file. 

8.  — Topaz.  Transparent  variety.  Harder  than  flint. 

9.  — Sapphire.  Cleavable  varieties.  Harder  than  flint. 

10. — Diamond.  Harder  than  flint. 


XVI 


SCALE  OF  FUSIBILITY. 


VON  KOBEL’S  SCALE  OF  FUSIBILITY. 


1 

2 

3 

4 

5 

6 


Stibnite. 

Natrolite. 

Almandite. 

Garnet. 

Actinolite. 

Orthoclase. 

Bronzite. 


Fusible  in  coarse  splinters  in  the  flame  of  a candle. 

Fusible  in  thin  splinters  in  the  flame  of  a candle  ; easily- 
fused  in  coarse  fragments  before  the  blowpipe. 

Infusible  in  the  flame  of  a candle,  fusible  in  coarse  frag- 
ments before  the  blowpipe. 

Fusible  in  thin  splinters  before  the  blowpipe. 

Fusible  with  difficulty  in  thin  splinters. 

Only  rounded  on  the  edges  in  very  fine  splinters. 


DETERMINATIVE  MINERALOGY. 


1 


a>  t r-  53 

0> 


l* 


Ms 
0>  00  2 
*->  <D  & 

rt  o “ 

g|° 


£ 

oo'-P  s-i-^ 
C A U P 

|*|l 

d 0>  & CD 

| £ =3  H 

« § W>8* 

Hr* 

O fcc 


m o 
g-o  . 

aj 

4-3  rC  £3^ 

ps 

o « o< 
fl  o ^ 

,rt«0 

£52 


s'S 
tf  & 


£n 

r3  . 

no 

o.S 

3 


.So 

.°C/2 


v c3 

a§ 

“.C 


°3 

sa 

> ° 


rrt  P» 


« S 

r2  *■< 
K« 
S «s 
a £ 


o . 
c « 
§2 
2 « 
o-< 
<5 


oc  _^» 

.S  ® © 

o~e 

S§<3 

p<  £ o 

o 5 « 

s o 


— ® 
gS.£ 


IPS' 


-PS 

cfi  c3  2 . 

CO  _f2  co 

.3  m 

®-|,£2  S 


t»  ty 

£ s- 
csS- 
fc  9-^~ 


”©  20 
t* 


s|jl 

« ^22 

o £ te  © 

CSSs 

*3 


o®  02 


j*  „ 

<*T  H c i . • 

CO  _2  D ft  fcJD 

3-°  2 ©.2 

ISrfgg 

oS  2^~ 


© S — « 
>%CTJ. 
u O'vS 
pCC  « 

£-*:  3 hi) 

sl-Ss 


m-9 


£S«*S 

a v d _o  ^ 
S3  s«>-.3  a 

45Ua 

.13  S a ©-~ 

r=5 ,rH  S £ © 


O ® tJ 

.Sgg 

sgs 

w5-3 

>03 


"£  3 


5 ° 
§ S 
© 3 


'w  to 
ft  CO 
c3  CJ 

H G 


o1® 

<m‘ 


<m  5 


o (M 


10  0*0 

10-^0 


© c3 

a p< 
mO 


i§ 


1C  o^ 
C5  ^ C3 


C5  0 CO 

n^oi 


n3  5 

Ph 


^’S'd  ps 
u"po 
SS  «SS 

sii| 

S|£l 


o a>  a os 


Jo  A 


CO 

© 03 
ft.O 


S5 


33  £ 

So 
•£  A 
a, 


o £ 
hc8 


rP2t« 

S °*r 

2 B? 

•£  ®-H 

Kro 


tf  CO 

as 


li 

In 

W 


, s 

.2 -eg 

£.nf 


S'Ci 
J;  o 
PS 


A a ° 


o ov 

^3  - lO 

B §7* 

o±:n 

rfi^OJ 


& 

rd 


a 

'd' 

of 

o. 

.2 

_d 

§ 

g 

3 

ft 

is 

JQ  O 

'a? 

o3 

e3 

Ph 

c3  ^ 

H 

s 

o 

Q 

c3 

d 

C? 


c3 

ft 

o 


2 


DETERMINATIVE  MINERALOGY. 


a « ~ « * • 

#®0  Jfflo 

j a a ■WJ5  _ — 
>l*<  wi  wt.SS 

^ <U  ” 01 

*»  6c«  a 3 

a "d  cdiM 
45  o O <u  O fl 

ujd  <U  J-®5"- 

CD  rTt  ~r  CZ  rr> 

g °6  £-43-2 

g a^  g.-s-a 
■S  ° o « ^ S 

CH—  *-  m * 

s 

fill  IJ  8 


• <D  rt 

’ggs 

« o 

^CO  >. 

® a 

^45  O g 

»h  13  45  bo 
O es  oitS 
<u  ® 3 0) 

O g 

fl*s£ 

to  ©*12 

« o 

J ►>'§ 

fcra  > 


ao 
o 3 


3 .3 

S'O.-S 

3 «iJ 
H ci  I—1 


S*- 

3sg 


SfiH 

6n  ** 

"3  -.  ' 

® O oS 

lllS 

■“  05  05^* 

-hSg 


6 « 


CD  CJ 
CD  0) 

c5  p, 
to* 


M 


£ 05 


.8 
9.2  8 


u» 

a 

« . 
e s 
s # 

13 
43  ® 
.«  a> 
3=5 
3 a 

42  O 


CD 

CD 

O 

M 

!s 

® « 

•c  ®u 
a « =o  . 
**■  * >>a 

2-13 

**  <p  >" 

°rcLro 

S.2S° 

<d  as 

0 

O ^ 60 

02  3 

m 

0 S'3 

*55 


<3 


53  • 

2o  ai 

sea 

86  « 
S*>  -M 
o ^ 

|8 
PQ  00 


45  ■< 

<1 


13 

05 
05  « 


flj  03-2  ° 

S-^3 

O ^ 60 


fe  , ® a j 60 

o 05  £ 

53a-«bc  fp^'1 

05  a a a 5343 

>>  ? 05  -3  -46  03  < 


'S-  « 
8g-| 

£ ? 45 

ggj 

60  ^ P 

oT  & 0 

hite 

ghgreei 

black. 

oT 

00 

-0 

e,  gray, 
,reddisl 

white, 

tintec 

0 pea. 

g£s 

Q Ph 

«Ok 

233  43 

^ >> 

fe  3 
^ 0 © 

6^ 

T3  Jh 

0 .a 

M 

."S  q 
q 0 

^ to 

Milk 

white 

O 

S'?,: 


60,0 
o © 


ill 


sit 


o ► 


a? 

I Q~  1=3  fe 


i>>l 

2< 

013  ££= 

O >>oQ 


«5 

s 

« t; 

“ 0 
©53 

4545 

>^a 

60S . • 

*-  >-  0 

O 05  — 

45—O 

a 

.2  05 

13  — 

,S-£3 

O 

3 

0) 

2 

u 

v . 

2 is 

a.2 

U 0 

O 45 

03  r~* 

0 

2 

45 

2 

0> 

PP  «5 

43* 

43  a 0 

2 ?* 

K * 

7i  q 

23  q 

jqq: 

£ 

*3  O 


o a 
£ a 


.4.  ** 

> 


cS  05 

W fl 


2 ©W 


10  0(0 


10  Ooo 


O 00 


o > 

05  rt 
at 
«jc5 


*>  005 

05  -^C5 


05  Q 10  -*f 

CO  +»  CO  CO 


o® 

**  CO 


CO 


o« 
4*  CO 


©5  _ »2 
°*  ©^1 
05  05 


0^1 

-M  00 


Is 


o I 

*.,3  ® 

gj* 

E* c a 

a 3 8 


o 

3 -• 

3 3 

o ► 

.a  8 

w s 

a s 

o 

o 


a a 

13  § 

1 1 
a © 
o 
o 


2 s 

OT32 
43  S »H 
05  3 05 

a a 

3 a 


042 

-a«3 


03  a 05  S 

05  J-  y 03 
— i3«2’C 
t.a  - > 
© «.  _ 

£00. 


o.S  . 
Ph1J 

2 0*0 


Ph  5^3 


ill  I 

d-°  ej  O 

a a)  1 13 

+>5  ao 


«S  o 

So 

2 


2 05  £ a 

a a 

a 05  a o 

H-O'S 


| "p  £ 

.<£  jo 

i a a 


-12-a 
13  5 05  o 
2 a S a 
2 « 2 
« y'Sa 


Primitive 

Form. 

«S°rb 

•2S6« 

O O * 50 

C43  «-,« 

5«Ph 

Inclined 
Rhombic 
Prism  of 
87°5' 

oubly  Inch- 
ed Rhomb- 
dal  Prism  of 
73°48' 

Inclined 
Rhombic 
Prism  of 

87° 

Inclined 
Rhombic 
Prism  of 
86°20' 

Inclined 
Rhombic 
Prism  of 
124°ir 

Elexagonal 

Prism. 

43  05 
£ — 

0^, 

§2 

43  ai 

ire 

Rhombo- 
edron  116*!' 

Q fl  0 

«Ph 

43 

°o 

3 45 

a e« 


a 

a 

05 

X 

2 

ffr 


a 

O 

Oh 

CO 


Dh 

a 


05 

I 

| 

g 


DETERMINATIVE  MINERALOGY. 


3 


4 


DETERMINATIVE  MINERALOGY. 


OQ 

Ih 

ja 

£ 

?,  © 

O 

CO 

0 

® ® 

S*o  **  5 

0 

O 

a 

f-» 

a 

& 

O 
' 0 
ft 
'ft 

s easily  with 
umescence. 

"a 

© 

§ 

3 

a 

easily  with  in 
jencc  to  a whit 

glass. 

0 

bo  . 

ca 

0 CO 

48 

■*»  ® 

o2 
to  £ 

Infusible. 

to 

0 

0 
£ 

1 

3 

s with  diffleu 

to  a bead. 

3 with  difficul 

j the  flame  yell 

ts  easily  on 

. Colors  the  fl 

yellow. 

0 

« „ 

<u 

££  -3  w 

o 

s 

a 

Pm 

*0 

3 

£2  © 

Pm 

a 

Pm 

a 

Pm 

5°  ^ to 

S O 

^0)  <o 

GO 

'd  • 
to 

CO 

■+* 

>>  o „? 

'd  *» 

>> 

Action  ol 
Acids. 

Partially 
soluble  in 
HC1. 

Gelatinize 

Gelatinize 
with  HC1  a 
gives  olf  H 

Gelatinize 

Completel 

soluble, 

but  does  n 

gelatinize 

Soluble  an 

deposits 

pulverulei 

silica. 

Imperfectl 

soluble. 

Insoluble 

Insoluble 

Colors  and 
Physical 
Properties. 

White,  gray, 
yellow,  green, 
blue  and  red. 

Gray,  white. 

Blue. 

Blue. 

White,  gray, 
red. 

Colorless, 

white. 

Gray,  yellow, 

red, blue, with 

play  of  colors. 

White,  green, 

red. 

Colorless, 

pale  red,  yel- 

low, green, 
gray. 

0 

0 

CO 

CO 

GO  CO 

, ; 

CO 

CO 

CO 

CO 

to 

00  02 

* 

0 

0 

<D 

0 0 

u 

o 

o 

U 

a 

O 

o 

S o 

CO 

o 

■3 

0 

.2 

O 

O 

3 

o 3 

O 

o 

o 

a 

3 

O 

O 

o 

O O 

U 

o 

CO 

ous  or 
on  the 
ture. 

00  S 

a o 
o a 

o 

oa 

CO 

O 

0 

u 

o . 

CO 

2 3 

o § 

o 

2^? 

®"S 

a rjs 

® S'”  « 
2 8 a a 

. « ® © « ■ 

^43  33  co  © g 

2 a t£c  2 

g®  g 0 a g-oft 

pi 

Hi 

g 

^ 5^ 

►>  0 
ft 

Is 

jj-a 

£ 

> 

o.S 
is  ^ 

£ S 

is  p, 

c3*w 

o 

ft 

X3r-,aj'7-,a  .^^-C33 

^a’yss'S 
p-  © © <u  ^ a 

ft  0,  ft =3  0 

Hard- 

ness. 

5 
to 

6 

§3«o 

5.5 

£ oo 

lO 

5.5 

to 

6 

o 

CO 

6 

6 

to 

6.5 

o >> 

*3  > | 

lo  0° 

CO  0^ 

^ 0 00 

^ O 1C 

o o t> 

«o  o ^ 

0 0*>  10  O CO 

« +i  « 

05  +*  05 

05  +=>  05 

05  05 

05  ^ 05 

05  05 

05  ^ 05 

05  ^ 05  cq  ^ 05 

coO  1 

1 

| 

1 

^"a 

r-T 

5»_r5> 

6 1 

l a 

a 

3 a* 

a -j 

s & 

C8 

2 

53  a rs 
w o 

a cs  53  a . 

'd  0 o'd  a 

1 

g 

£ 

1 ► 

1 

O 4) 

a g 
« a 
c 

0-d 

o 

> 

© 

a 

fc> 

IS 

l§ 

o a 

o « 

.a  S 
o a 
a 

o-a 

O 

73 

pj 

o 

c D • CO 

H.  o £ 

tfp 

SS2 

1 d li  ► 

■SS  £«a 

a > ft-S 

0 « E3'J 

O a 

o 

o a 

O 

3 S 2 

0 5 3 8 

as 

a 

a 

0 

2i 

a g> 

2q§ 

|l§ 

a>  • . 

^3  ® a 
•^O  o 

0 

& 

0 

the 

llel 

se. 

pa- 

lsm 

fcD 

_ '/} 

o , 2 

C g 

O , u 

o . 

o . 

0 . a es 

C3 

O *7^ 

O o s S 

0,a 

^ o 

-*-3  0 

^ 0 to  ft 

> 

c3 

0 

5 

ft  o 
,© 

<M  ^ o),2 

gSSS. 

sl'Q 

©a  ® 
g o 6 
ftft-® 

*0^0  2 
in 

5 a © 

^■Sx! 

2 o o 

5a 

s'0 

(2 

1 

'©  2 ft  0 S 5 

a: 42  w-a 

a * 0 

a a 0 g S 

cu  W J g 

Primi  tive 
Form. 

Right  Square 

Prism. 

Hexagonal 

Prism. 

Rhombic  Do- 
decahedron. 

Rhombic  Do- 
decahedron. 

Tetragonal 

Tris-Octa- 

hedron. 

Doubly  In- 
clined Rhom- 
boidal 
Prism  of 
120’  3D' 

Doubly  in- 
clined Rhom- 
boidal  Prism 
121°  37' 

Doubly  in- 
clined Rhom- 
boidal  Prism 
of  120°  42' 

Doubly  in- 
clined Rhom- 
boidal  Prism 
of  120°  47' 

0 

of 

dT 

(j5 

a> 

05 

co 

O *3 

0 0 

3 

'3 

at 

<k 

.2 

of 

’3 

oT 

o 

g 

1/3 

c3 

0 oT 

0 +* 

i®* 

<u 

a, 

a> 

£ 

5 

«3 

§ 

a 

O 

M 

ci 

_fcp  3 

O < 

DETERMINATIVE  MINERALOGY. 


5 


C.0 
rt  ® 
o<5 

<3 


O O 

g""1 

*0Q 

0 

0 


®a  2 

flS  °* 

2 

2 

• O 

•c  £ ® s 

S2'Sb  ^ 


0 

.2 


0 G *— « 

CC  P 
O V 


n go 

£ a> 

<n  O 

sl$ 

S5  « 

0 <u 
0 0® 
0O.H 

es  .0 

*3  "3  rt 

£ ,®  o 


So  o 
« n 

2 “tSrH 

S « 2 

**13 

« || 

CO  r-*  a 

o <d 

JdSS 


°BrS“ 

1§38 


g,S 


b» 


© be. 
r2S  2 


»•  O r- 
« 03  r S 
GO  C £ Jh 

^oa 

o «f-°  gf 

>» 


f— i J71  c3 
® 

pH  c to 


o 'O  r n,?  . m 

0^  w o C3  O 0 

® '(3  ^ >-  5-.  >53 

Si  0 o o o 0-°.2 


S *2.  ® 44  .~ 

•2  0 k>0  O 

o2g|5 

0 2 2 

tEX3 


-ZT  H W O * 

0 ®&e» 


,2-°  S>^ 

o aT  0"^ 

•0  +*  « rj 

0 '0  « 

S- 


rV  s.2 


g £»,2 

O^!  o ? 
QDor 


■rgjj?.*  «rf®§ 

CO  ,2  S3  OQ  ^ Qi-i 

®05  OP  £ bC~  ® 
c 0'  £ o o 0 ..  ^ 
o g §£  o.-2^° 


ro  rt 

,.0.2 
■2-2  § 
•0^0 


0 
0 to 
cs  -s 

4?8 

cS  •£ 

£► 


to  k, 

p 

-is  p. 
£0 


O o; 


W « 


o no 

i> 


o > 

o ctj 
ft 

ccO 


O 0 <M  H qW  Pi 

CO  CO  CO  H->  CO  CO 


3 Oco 


0 0 
o ^ 

oS 


ss  o 

•0  > 

1§ 
*0 1=1 
0*0 
O 0 
O 83 


o c3 
r<  o 
'->'  aj 


eS  sj 

0 « 

1« 
1g 
6 0 


03  o 
k03 
O y 
0 0 
^ 2 


Cs3  0_,2  . 

~.sg3s  2 

g « o g-ft  .S 
3 1-3  >5 2 "w 
•§ 

c3  to  ^ 2 0 

H g g.  ~ 


g 0)0 

P%0  0 

O O _ 


2 ‘S 

OPL, 


o 4, 00  o 5 

+>£+>  0 0 

rH*H  • 53  a TT  0 

|asss%'0 

ft” ^2^ © 


« O § 


• «-0 


0>  g 

n ® 


S2S 


«0«  « g-g 
0,0  ^ SO 
cxtspq  p- 


® 0 S S 6 •=  2 . 

q « § g 043  a « o s 

®#f!0°s  ®0ji 

® S.2  2 ® «4  ® g b >» 

,0  fcP03  5 ^tSSja  y0 


00  0 

Ph  2 
2 2 
>>■£3 


Is 

Pi 


0.2*0^ 

0I0* 

fes 

, 00 

0 0 

0® 

0 2 

,c3  fi 

P5.2 

•si®. 

.2  S 2g 

. 2SV 

0 0 .2  0 

’^0!  fc(*H 

1®. 

Pn.*p 

0.2  0 
0,0 
.2  S 2 

^2-2® 

S.2oi 

> Hj< 

bcP-* 

S 

2 0 

5 01 

w| 

-u  £ 0 
,0^0 
tJ02 

15-S 

-§0^2 

R^oo 

O'0 

^PhSJ 

S’0 

•3  2-g 

.2  2 2” 
■3  o.2 o 


o-3 

o <0 

0 ft 

I” 


c3 

'o 

O 

hondro- 

dite, 

*S 

a 

y 

3 

0 

C3 

'3 

oT 

O 

y 

^2 

cf 

•a 

<0 

N 

e3 

& 

O 

aT 

a 

'o 

d 

cT 

'o 

<0 

0 

O 

H 

<1 

£ 

0 

H 

p 

DETERMINATIVE  MINERALOGY. 


<D  c D 

S3 

3 -0 

a£ 

03 

a: 
*2 
CD  0) 
O 

« fl 

O 

S3  o 


* 

«8 

0'S 


Sin 
2 
-«3 

B 61) 
© © 


Il-S| 
1 8s! 
© **  hn 
«5tj  g 

§fl«S 

g~  -•§ 

«2aj  «g 
S|| 
3d 


fe® 

© r2 
6 2 
rtC 


•fl.2 

® "3 


^ IS  03  • 

Ted  © « 

*z*& 

0->  (D 


a*p 

1 g 5 

02  1 a*G 

5^3 


'3 

ST 


^ £ QQ 
0D  ^ CD 

<2  *.3 

.2  o ^ 

H = I 

©%'S 
S3  >L 
■'«  * 
©3  o 

I § 

co  6 


2 m 
S3 

-rt  60 


uo  a 
© © 
© © 
CO  1h 

© So 

S 83 


!-£*  t 

On3  3 

2 £ a 


© a ~ 


^ g« 
a 6 . 


.20 

.gw 

eSjg 


CD  . 

m 

•©  rt 

S « 

S3 

N 

O 6D« 

a a 

a 

&«3 

%’S 

1 a .2 

’©■> 

°© 

||5 

o * 

o 

p ’£ 

o S)60 
ft  .2 
6 a.2 

115 


fe  a . 
53 

©3  © 

2 ©d 
a g‘® 
o« 

CO 


CO 

grt« 
® O j3 

£■«  © 


o a't^g.2  'S  a 

£3  £ 53  K *3  a ^ 

^l“P^'11 

© ■“  H •§  © a ■“  a 

iisHtr 

^ a eaopu.  Ph  Qd 


tea 

si 

3-® 

* 


©■3 

hite,yel 
iy, red. 
liatesin 
tir,  losii 
water. 

Emeral 

green. 

SjS 

fl  pf 

<D  > 

UP  ^ 

o 

^3 

,a  , • 
••►»*  ©« 
g g o a a 

2 6i2'Q  g 

Ill'll 

°*£.^ 


>>  .2 

S .£ 

tea  © 
„©  © 
© «”3 
2&2 

£ ft 


h 

O 

© 

3 

£ 

White. 

White. 

White. 

.2  a 

°» 

a 

da  . 

a ^ 

si. 

- o 

a © 

© a 

© a 
a o 
o a 

>?o5 

S g 60 
o ° g 

i> 

g-a 

£2  o 

” . © 

« ja 

'©  fc. 

*<  O 

ft^^1 

CD 

•a  . 

3 a 
s g 

>a 

.2  © 
a.d 

s a 
m 

©■g 

a ^ 

o 

a§ 

2.2 
h cc 
S3  o> 
^a 


■a)  .. 

83  © • 
®-.2- 
oag 
11“ 


*1 
a 2 


>*» 
s lO 


i>  c1© 

•a>  j>. 


^ o»o 


05  © i 


u > 
© © 
Q.  a 

®o 


^ 0 GO  i>  o GO 
CO  CO  O?  C5 


00  T-t 

« o»  o 00 

05  '*J  05  00  -a1  00 


o o 
o ^ co  0 io 

05  CO  -a*  00 


00  o® 
05  -a>  ci 


>>_T 
a a * 

©ns  a 
■go  > 

1,1  § 

s§* 


5S 
o 5 

d a 


2§ 

5 2 
© 2 
a a 
o 

o 


o 

3 a 


a a 

o 

o 


O 

tJD 

2 s’ 

>3  50 

2-2 

3 2 S © S 

T Q 

33 

2 a 

3 S 

ri  '-o 

S-a 

© 

-d  , 
t:  o . 
a 

glag 

g a >.X5 

1 0>  • 

3 o g © 

a a §.-2  a 
a£i=2-= 

63 

> 

Cj 

gft 

ft 

© 

Sft 
© g ft® 

© 

« a. 
a. 

© 

3 S 2 

6 O-S 

2 ft  (D 

3 a 2 
ft  © © ■*■* 

0) 

5 

>>■3 

CD  a* 

^2 

ft 23  Is 

Easy 
to  th 

^“5 

^2 

*-*x2  <y 

Sft^a 

« 

ft 

«3 
H=J  2 

>>  3 ©^-ft 

5^533 

H5° 3 

Primitive 

Form. 

Inclined 
Rhombic 
Prism  of 
113°  31' 

Right  Rhom- 
bic Prism  of 
129°  26' 

Inclined 

Rhombic 

Prism. 

Inclined 
Rhombic 
Prism  of 

86°  16' 

Rhombo- 
hedron  of 
95°  55' 

Amorphous. 

Rt.  Rhombic 
Prism  of 
104°  13' 

Rt.  Rhombic 
Prism  of 

99°  56' 

Amorphous. 

^2  • 

+*  CD 

V-i  1> 

oT 

of 

a» 

cf 

0) 

d 

03 

CO 

cT 

d 

6 

03  is 

O’o 
a v 

i® 

1 

'o 

a. 

I 

0 

1 

o 

g 

0 

a 

CJ 

*-< 

2 

hryso 

colla 

*S 

c3 

rehni 

hloras 

lite. 

H 

m 

Ph 

►3 

s 

o 

Q 

cu  o 

DETERMINATIVE  MINERALOGY. 


7 


u 

o 

c® 

*-< 

cS 

xi 

ntumesces, 
o a white 
lex. 

«s 

o 

03 

03 

>>« 

*»  6J1 

C5 

o 

**  00 
m 

jbS 

00 

T3  3 

sjs 

0 >> 

drO 

03  © 

iable,  and 

with  diffi- 

tie  edges. 

i-s 

Q g 

03  d 

d 

<U  4) 

S © 

eS 

O 

STS 
'©  2 

Sg 

4> 

■2  5 

d a 
ti  o 

'O  . 

0 ►‘ai 

e3  55  4) 

®4S  » 

Sj’s 

© 

o 

o 

ft 

‘ft 

£ 

o 

5 

Exfoliates,  i 

and  melts  t 
enam 

Fuses  quie 
colorless 

3 W 

a)  o> 

T3 

*3© 

go 

s® 

to 

v'-1 
£ * 

S3 

*>. 

S1 

C3  jd  ^ 

S|o 

S2>, 

o 

©2g 

03  > 

£ d 

'S  o 

-d  ® 

a© 

63  .to 

03  45 

£ 

CO 

® d so 

V O'© 

I"3 

Id® 

03  03  >? 

© .©5 
s © d 
o.ti  ° 

P3 

Action  of 
Acids. 

Decomposed 
leaving  slimy 

silica. 

Soluble  with 
gelatinous 
silica. 

Soluble  with 
separation 
of  gelatinous 
silica. 

Soluble  with 
oeparation  of 
siimy  silica. 

Soluble  with 

pulverulent 

silica. 

Soluble  with 

pulverulent 

silica. 

Soluble  with 

pulverulent  j 

silica. 

Partly  acted 

on  after  long 

ebullition  in 

concentrated 

acids. 

Soluble  with 

gelatinous 

silica. 

Colors  and 
Physical 
Properties. 

Colorless, 
gray,  yellow, 
blue,  rose, 
pale  green. 

Colorless, 
white,  gray, 
red  or  green. 

Colorless, 
white,  gray, 
blue,  green, 
red. 

Colorless, 
white,  red, 
yellow. 

Colorless, 
white,  gray, 
brown  and 
red. 

White,  red, 
yellow, brown. 

White,  gray, 

[yellow,  brown 

red. 

Blue,  green, 

gray,  white. 

White,  gray, 

or  reddish. 

cS 

6 

o 

© 

6 

© 

© 

6 

sj, 

©^  >-  o 

c5 

45 

45 

3 

3 

3 

•ts  © 3 

3 

02 

► 

o 

o 

£ 

5 

► 

P 

P 

f®  45  « 

0) 

© 

o 

-d  A 

fd 

do 

m 

M3 

00 

m 

DO  ^ C2 

O -*-a  c3 

a>  . 

Luster 

8 © 02 
i3>?2 

krt 

4) 

ft 

& 

O 

o 

m 

£ 

Vitreou 
or  pearl, 

© 

O 

o 

u 

£ 

Sf 

o 

£ 

Vitreou 
pearly  on 
Macro-Pii 
coid. 

Vitreous 
pearly  on 
Clino-Pii 
coid. 

Pearly  on 
cleavag 
planes 

Dull. 

Hard- 

ness. 

4.5 

to 

5 

»o  o»® 

5.5 

j o» 

4.5 

CO  ^ 

1©  O _u 

. o*q 
^ ^ri 

2.5 

*c  >• 

»0  ^ 05 

eo  Oeo 

03 

©3 

©3 

^ o 

o<» 

« o5® 

© « 
ft 

©3'  ^ ©3 

©j  *-  ©3 

©3 

<M 

©3 

+*  ©3 

©3  ©3 

©4  ^©3 

rl^rl 

1 

’S  -• 

!2§ 

J 2 

© d 

b2 
<J>  o 

>4= 

4)  O 

u ,-5 
© c® 

©3 

© o 

es 

> 

°SS 

e o© 
S«2‘o 

d* 

4> 

> 

- *>r3 

O ©3  53 

O >, 

>.■5 

>> 

45 

C3 

© § 

a)  u 

2 

« 2© 

a 

« © © 

1 2 

d 

C u 

O o 

c d 

6 © 

^ o 

c fl 

G © 

G 

eg*© 

P.Sg 

P 

d ftQ 

pag 

02  © 

to 

Cleavage. 

Very  easy  pa- 
rallel to  the 
base. 

Easy  parallel 
to  the  Prism. 

i 

Imperfect  pa- 
rallel to  the 
faces  of  the 
Cube. 

Parallel  to  the 
Rhombo- 
hedron. 

Parallel  to  the 

base  and  the 
Prism. 

Easy  parallel 
to  the  Macro 
and  Brachy- 
Pinacoids. 

Easy  parallel 
to  the  Clino- 
Pinacoid. 

Easy  Parallel 
to  the  base, 
difficult  paral. 
to  the  Prism. 

0> 

.a 

JO 

© i- 

u 

Primitive 

Form. 

— 

Right  Squa: 
Prism. 

Right  Rhom 
Prism  of 
91° 

Cube. 

Rhombo- 
hedron  of 
94°  46' 

Inclined 
, Rhombic 

Prism  of 
124°  47' 

ib 

05 -r  P 

« 

Inclined 
Rhombic 
Prism  of 
136°  14' 

Rt.  Rhombi 
Prism  nea 
120  ? 

Compact  o 
earthy. 

0> 

<o 

me  of  th 
Species. 

3?  . 

o +3 

of 

1 

of 

o 

n 

of 

1 

■§ 

6 of 

S § 

^ o 

oT 

§ 

'B 

1 

JO 

of 

3J 

<3 

d 

c3  -*-* 

QJ 

"if 

<D 

to 

& 

◄ 

Q 

w 

rjl 

W 

H 

GQ 

8 


DETERMINATIVE  MINERALOGY. 


1 s 

•c  o 

«5 . 

O-H  >> 

b & a 

“So! 

s«a 

feS'c 

O co  t>0 

2^  1:3 
-S3® 

w « 
0+3  o 

>,es 

+2  c03  bb 

a 

2 ca  ci 
oa  , o 

g « 

5 «ig 

<D  ^ 

CQ  ^ 

wa 

a 

3 bb 

0.3 

43  O 
++  tn 

*1 


v aj 

a g 

«fl«2 

•fl  c 

c3 

S 

O 

o 

O 


2 ® 

a « 

rrt  M 

'S  H 

fl  C3 

as  o 
ro'o 


&d 


So! 

g| 

o ^ 
® S3 
'O  4> 

>,5 

'g'O 

aj  3 
pi  03 

d 

o 


o +< 

■< 


OO  •£ 
rcJ  02  H 

ga  ~ 

aa  2 

£3  O K 


rcJ-S 

> O 
o g- 

a8 

«S 


o * 
0 Q 


O.P  « 

crfl  g 

P 


OJ  C3  O t.  2 _ 
O'  d 

-O  > **  -Z  eo  .3 

bifld  * a ,2  s 
PS  °®  oo  ^ ^ *» 
3’dh  « o 3 fl 

” o bp  'o  ^ 


£§*8 
Ph  02 


Lg  « 


I! 


s'®  fe 


Green, yellow, 
red. 

Green,  brown, 
yellow. 

White, 

White,  bluish 
or  greenish. 

White, brown, 
gray,  yellow. 
Double  Re- 
fracting. 

White. 

Yellow  or 

gray. 

White, 

Colorless, 

white,  yellow, 

blue,  red, 

purple. 

6 

!>.  . 

53  fl 

d 

d 

d 

d 

d 

+-> 

d 

«5 

3 

lig 

2 

2 

2 

2 

2 

2 

!fl 

£ 

£ 

* 

o 

® ►» 

©H 
2 § 
£ a 

£ 


CO  o1®  ^ © C5 

'*-'  CO  t— i -*-■* 


05  o 


o 0q 

t-I  +“  c5 


V 03 
C«0 


t-  o 
^ o o 


O o GO 
05  ^ 05 


o 05 

05 


CO  o oo 
05  ^ 05 


ri  OX5 
05  05 


2 2 
•2  a 


>>_• 
33  a 

o t3 


So 


&iSJ. 

® oh*^  o 


,2’C 
ba  S’SP^ 
,«l_gfl  5 
p*~  a a 


^a 

23 

rfpH 


Xx  o> 

5s  d 

g°.2 

Sg 

S'3 


pa  , 

5is 

- o'* 

gE* 

£ 


p=^ 

2^3 

'S  a;P< 


2 3 

Ph  o 


a> 

5 <3 

IP 


ox> 

cc  3 

oO 


So 

Oh 


.2  ® o 

o C T3 

| a Mo 
o a in  co 
pa  ®73  a 
02  -r  S 
•Pi  ILb 
2 o'3 


to  O O 

•5  e® 
&Eow 

ail* 


g®b 

Jar5 

Ph 


a°© 

o gw 


O ^eo 
P=  h so 

a oo 


I'?® 

a|S 

*sfi 


|2° 

'g  o Js 

s-fl  n 
m«Ph 


. o<*-> 
0'-0V 
«,P>  3+ 

c g gw 

7*  0.2& 
f—  *H  GO 


Q? 

of 

§ 

oT 

+_> 

cf 

-u 

id 

SiT 

Ph-h 

% 

k 

'B 

o 

i 

V 

^2 

d 

c3 

W 

P2 

ca 

<1 

m 

H 

3 

DETERMINATIVE  MINERALOGY. 


9 


i 

© 

1 

M 

03 

M 

o 

© 

Qi 

<3 

Is 

•3  W> 

S3 
•g  2 
§ 05 

in 

’© 

a 

'a 

a 

a 

volatilizes  com- 
pletely. 

volatilizes  com- 

pletely. 

tates  and  is  fusi- 

l difficulty  on  the 

edges. 

tates  and  melts 

nsparent  globule 

ecomes  white  on 

cooling. 

tates  and  fuses 

fficulty  and  col- 

flame  yellowish- 

green. 

tates  and  fuses 

ifficulty.  Gives 

:.  reaction. 

n the  edges  and 

Is.  Gives  Sr. 

reaction. 

ft 

£ 

s 3 

® 

U 

0/3 

g.S^ 

*&3  0 

'ft'®3  co 

C '© 

CO  > 

O 

EsS 

C/2 

ft 

ft 

§’* 

O 05  .2 

^J3  ft 

'q  50 

pq 

C/2 

M 

© © 

03 

© ^=3 

02  ^ 

oS® 

0 % 0 

a 

© 

pG  © 

rG  ^ 

Action  of 
Acids. 

Soluble  in 
water. 

Soluble  in 
water. 
Effervesces 
with  acids. 

Soluble  in 
water. 

Soluble  in 
water. 

Insoluble. 

n 

® s 

x>  > 
s >-< 

■cfg 

*3  a 
•r  a 
^ g 

2 © 

r©  ^ 

G u 

JZ  © 

Insoluble. 

2 © 
as 

Oltt 

C/2  © 

C/2  © 

OQ  © 

olors  and 
Physical 
roper  ties 

hite.  gray, 
or  blue. 

hite,  gray, 
yellow. 

tf 

3 

s? 

hite,  gray, 
r yellow. 

lite, yellow, 
y,  blue,  red 
r brown. 

>3 

If 

© P 

3d 

© S-. 

O 

^*1 

bt*© 

© ►» 

3 © 

"White  or 

faintly  bluish 

or  reddish. 

•SSd 

o^2 
g g1® 

» ft 

£ 

0 

£ 2 0 
> b» 

^ 3 

^2 

bC 

0 bi) 

£ 

© 

© 

© 

S 

© 

© 

© 

_© 

c5 

2 

A 

3 

A 

3 

IS 

13 

3 

3 

£ 

£ 

£ 

£ 

£ 

► 

& 

* 

© 

*-•  . 

05 

CO 

© .. 

*-  0 . 

l-l 

0 05 

® CO 

0 

© 

. 

O GO 

S 

G 

G 

os'  „ b-. 

CO  G 

CO  G 

2 

© GO 

© 

c»  G 

© 

O 

O 

G © 

G © 

0's 
© s 

■p  ft 
> 

2 c 

§ 

hi 

© 3 

2 • 

£ 

s 

£ 

£ 

lis 

0. 

£“ 

§.3 

£ OQ 

© 

11 
£ * 

© G 
g* 

> 

*G  co 

c3  © 

w = 

*2 

t° 

2.5 

-32 

NO10. 
ft>  CM 

a o1® 
©i  ■**  c© 

*o  orr^ 
eo  — c© 

3 

to 

3.5 

c©  ^ 

1 >* 

'5  *> 

■£*- 

^ 000 
^ 

«.  0 M. 

CO 

05 

«o  C ^ 

8.2 

t-H 

i-H 

rH 

rH 

^ ft  ^ 

c© 

CO 

CO  ft1  CO 

02  qJj 

© 

!_ 

3 

2 

A% 

c a 

G 

G 

0 

a 

X - . 
533  a 

O © 

G 

a 

1 

*3 

•3 

rG 

*4 

>>© 

5 « 

© 

> 

© 

© 

> 

© 

© 

© 

© 

> 

© 

,©•§  > 
ft  O © 

^3  2 

© 

> 

© 

Pm 

G 

O 

O 

w 

£ a 
w 0 

s 

O 

ftg  e 

e 

© 

tf) 

c3 

© 

£s!  a 

© 

pG 

O . 

'4">  O 

© A 
-G  P • 

is  ^ © 

5»! 

© 

0 

-2^5 

3 g 

ft  © 

© 

5 

SB 

© 

2 a 

-+-*  CO 

^ Oh 

© 

® a 

& 

1 J cfi 

^5  c x:  ‘2 

, — 1 CO 

© 3 

p— < © 

© pG 

3-d 

r— « ry2 
© 

24 

p © 

5 g 

3’S 

s 

3 

2 "c  ft 
g-g  © 
aO 

32  & 

G 

3 

!=  >» 
g ©33 

a 3 w 

g © 

ciO 

£o 

c3 

l®4 

c3 

^=ft 

rt 

ft 

pm 

6U.a 

CU 

ft  5 

CU, 

ft 

ft  -a 

ft 

© 

© 

.2 

© 

© 

•-  a 

'd.H  0 
© ,© 

rJ.2'3 

<ox)  in 

2^ 

Vsf 

Sis 

© 

Rhombi 
rism  of 
01°40’ 

a ®g 

’O.S'g . 

© £1  0 ft 

3<« 

s 

0 0 

3 a « 

•H  U 

S © 
-2ph 

c a ^ 0 
.-  a £ t- 

"o  0 «)*> 
c .O  'fci 

•ESS? 
”3  ®.2p 

c -O  t.  <•— 

a 

& 

0 

2 sg° 

5 a ai? 

13-SS 

C Co 

o-gl 

2 ft  ^ 

p* 

»-*P!3Ph 

►~«ft 

^•ft- 

^jPM- 

ft«ft- 

jjft 

•a® 

ft 

M 

M 

« 

Name  of  the 
Species. 

Borax, 

Natron, 

Mascagnite, 

Sal-Ammo- 

niac, 

Barite, 

c* 

*G 

CD 

| 

Barytocal- 

cite, 

Celestite, 

ca 

0® 

5H  -r-l 

m 

10 


DETERMINATIVE  MINERALOGY. 


0 

© 

e3 

a 

X 

O 

o 

Cm 

Se-* 

« « 

*>  ► a 
ss§ 

« « 

« U <3 

« c 2 

•§  |3 

co 

0 

to 

01 

(1 

3 

CO 

09  • 

£i 
ga 
* ® 

© © 

►» 

3 

o 

§s 

'O  so 
-a 
fa  « 
fa  <U 

*5 

*©  cq 

6^ 

g*s 

<U  u 

^•a 

rO  qj 

rt  « 

and  falls  to  pow- 

der. 

s.  Loses  C and 

s incandescent. 

ble.  Loses  C. 

plinters  fuses  on 

he  edges. 

P* 

£ 

O 

S*^.  a 

V 9JJ3 

s 

© 

3 % 

S’S» 

S 

-3  ® *5? 

sa  | 

s 8 o 

.2  ** 

3 

5 

j=~  > 

© 

Q 

1 

“•a 
fa  a 

CO 

3 

<04  © ^ 

c •© 

a 

Action  of 
Acids. 

Slightly  sol- 
uble in  U. 

Soluble  in  4 
to  500  parts 
of  water. 

Gives  the  re- 
action for 
FI.  with  S. 

Dissolves  in 

HC1  & in  N.’ 

Soluble  in 

acids.  Insol- 

uble in  water. 

Soluble  with 

effervescence 

Soluble  with 

effervescence 

Slowly 

soluble. 

Soluble,  leav- 

ing a yellow 
powder. 

Colors  and 
Physical 
Properties. 

While,  gray* 
ish,  bluish, 
reddish. 

White,  gray, 
yellow,  blue, 
red,  black, 
brown. 

White, yellow, 
green,  blue, 
red,  brown. 

Colorless, 
green,  blue, 
violet,  red, 
gray,  brown. 

White,  gray, 
or  red. 

Colorless, 

green,  yellow, 

gray,  violet. 

White,  gray, 

green,  yellow, 

red,  black. 

Double  re- 

fracting. 
White,  gray, 

red,  green, 

brown, yellow, 

black. 

•White, yellow, 

brown. 

>.  K 

M 

JA  ^ 

© 

© 

© 

d 

2 2 

t/>  to 

© 

cS 

© 

3 

3 

3 

2 

o o 

2 

£ 

£ 

£ 

£ 

P= 

o <u 

► 

3 3 

^ £ 

i 

i © 

s 

Is 

o 2 
>»§ 

to 

a 

o 

*-* 

°« 

sg 

CO 

3 

© 

I* 

° ® 

CO  3 

3 © 

S S 

Si*  pi* 

i.  ® 

o a 

2 a 

00 

|l 
£ © 

^2 

iS-? 

V 

£ 

8.2 

J~  CO 
-*->  © 

© 

> 

© a 

© -jg 

P> 

o«  o a 

2 p 2 2 

<U  fa 

>-  k 

8 a 
fa-3 
k « 

*s  « 

*5  « 
cs  a> 

K a 

3 

to 

3.5 

1.5 

to 

2 

•* 

4.5 

to 

5 

-32 

CO  ~ 

«5  O ^0-44 

oi  co  co  +> 

4.5 

to 

5 

; «§£ 

*5  > 

00  0 e. 

CO 

<M 

« 0t* 

OS 

o ^ 00  o®. 

oi  oi  oi  4*  oi 

! S.g 

©i  oi 

oi 

CO 

SO 

<N  +*  (M 

oi 

TO© 

Sm 

>. 

u 

© 

© 

o 

o 

© 

H 

d 

£ 

•a  a 

"3  d 

d 

3 a 

a . . 

3 3 a 

a 

S3 

© 

> 

> 

T3  © 

•2*  > 

*3  © 

•g  > 

> 

•o  <u 
•2  > 

S 2 £ 

> 

| 

0/ 

a 

S3 

© « 

*a  g 

X c 

© 

a 

a 

1 -§s 

V 

a 

& 

P 

to 

C S3 

P 

= a 

J s = 

& 

© 

o 

O 

O o 

Q 

O 

o 

o 

© 

O/ 

© 

• 

a 

© 

® « 

© . 

g5 

> 

cs 

^3  © * 

fill 

o.S  . 

3 i‘3 

5§ 

© ** 

MM  T3 

— 4 2 

2 © 

© o © 

3 a 

o.2  . 

^ fa  ^ 
d o'o 

3 « 

'©JO 

c 3 c-a 

- a - a 

® ® o ® 

5 G 

— « 

©^3 

© 

5 

— t- 

*g  2 S 

3.1* 

So 

fa 

Sm 
£ "S 

04 

|g 

=3.2  ® 

S3 

fa 

o ° 

2 e3 

(2^ 

-3 

gfa  3fa 

3 a 

fa  fa 

0=  5S 

So 

<2° 

Primitive 

Form. 

© 

2 

s ®» 

O C‘© 

3 g& 
fa-g® 
.jfa*'1 

’S3°m 

.s  a a?* 

•«  °.2ig 

£ J3  •£  e© 

*->fafa 

fl 

2 

*S 

1 

S 

Hexagonal 

Prism. 

Inclined 
Khombic 
Prism  of 
111°6’ 

t Rhombic 
Prism  of 
116°10' 

o o 

A *b 

E|  Sg 

°3  o ® 

fa  fa 

ight  Square 
Prism. 

fa 

o 

fa 

fa 

| a. 

of 

St 

s' 

s 

Q* 

cT 

■m 

*C 

o 

<a 

+-> 

%-j 

o3 

O 

o 

a 

2 «f 

«3  .3 

cT 

! 

cT 

• .t3 

a a 

S O 

<u 

<D 

d 

k> 

d 

P4 

u 

'es  O 

*3 

© 

E 

***1 

£ 

< 

© Q 

CQ 

DETERMINATIVE  MINERALOGY. 


11 


CO 

Blowpipe  Characters. 

Infusible.  Becomes 
opaque  and  friable. 

Loses  water  and  fuses. 

ntumesces  and  fuses  t 
glass  which  is  white  oj 
cooling. 

rives  a bright  light,  lose 

C,  and  is  infusible. 

Infusible,  but  changes 

color. 

Infusible. 

Infusible. 

Fuses  with  difficulty. 

Intumosees  and  fuses. 

t-t  eS 

<0 

P . 

0-1  0 

c . 

d 

© ** 

© 

as  © 
te  H3 

CO 

> ^ 

*"  os  — 
©?« 

JU 

2 

d 

3 2 

p 

© 

■—  ‘3 

◄ 

_a 

"3 

CQ 

IS 

03 

O £ 

o.S 

CO 

"o’? 

m O 

5“ 

Insolubl 

HC1.  Pa 

ly  solub 

s’. 

2 

CO 

a 

1 1 

0 ® 

a.  © 

If 

2 ? 

ZD 

Colors  and 
Physical 
Properties. 

I* 

•.  to 

© 

.ti  © 

-a  3 

White. 

White,  gray, 
yellow,  red, 
green. 

Pyroelectric. 

hite, yellow, 
brown. 

Red,  blue, 
een,  yellow, 
ray,  white, 
own,  black. 

Colorless, 
ne,  red,  yel- 

low, gray, 
brown. 

Colorless, 

sen,  violet, 

blue,  red. 

Shows 

olycliroism. 

White. 

£ 

0 

2 . 

2 

£ 

&>“2 

j=> 

& * 

3 

d 

d 

i 

3 

d 

& © 

© 

© 

.P 

.a 

as 

as 

2 

3 

2 2 

3 

oa 

£ 

£ 

£ 

£ 

£ 

£ 

£ * 

In' 

j*. 

►> 

a*  . 

CQ  Tl 

O 

0 

a.S  lo 

© > >a  a 
0*2  © § 

0.  >> . 

•c  *5  > ►. 

-°2S  3 

0 

oc  „ 

© 

Hi 

c« 

j» 

Ph 

2 ^ 

O © 

£ g 

II 

c3 

S >•' 

oM 
© ^3 
.£3  «Q 

itreoui 

dull. 

« c a,  g 

© -2  a 

*-  . x a 

reous, 
it  or  p 
the  cl 
age. 

ull  ear 

1=  ! 

£ 

£ 

> 

k»-  « 

£ 5 ts  Q 

> 

# 

| Hard 

ness, 

0 

<M# 

<M* 

f- 

0 0 w 

CO  "*"*  ^5 

00 

05 

23^  ^091 

2 5« 

«p£ 

eO  0 CO 

eo 

o» 

°°  Qc© 
<n 

IO  0 05 

CO  0 0 

2.2 

©J 

r4 

c4 

C©  **  Tji 

C©  « ^ 

CO  v CO  I-I 

T-H*  rl 

CO  £+5 

© 

*4 

d 

p 

If 

3 

2 ^ 

*5 

3 d 

fl 

d 

cs 

o 

«« 

& 

s 

> 

0 

a 

P 

© 

t- 

V 

a 

0 £ 

© « 

P s 

0 ■_ 

O 0 

MS 

I* 

to 

'© 

■g 

a 

© 

to 

*0  <y 

I5 

I8 

to 

► S 

p a 

S W 

© 

> 

© 

a 

& 

© 

© • 

© 

0 

2 • 

d 

$p 

O # 

'*"*  © 

So 
©p-i  . 

•*■*  ro 

'a  5 

1.0  a* 
*T©  0 

3|| 

5 a 
© 2 
*"P 

5 

0 . 

^ 0 

5 oj 
©,3  . 

^ ^ 

s 

O) 

Q 

il 

c3 

22 

ia-g 

© 'O 
;2j3  © 

__  © 
oj  -a 

M -O 

C3 

3 0 ’3 

3 © 0 

g ej 
t S Hj 

£ 

53 

c2 

a5 

® 

o'© 

0 

2<3 

60 

p 

0 

3 

© 

*33  . 

s a 
a o 

*CPm 

Ser 

•§■§8 

E % 

O SCO 

g.2°o 

P3  t.  «» 

Cube. 

•2  c® 

s g« 

3 ©*-• 
W.P 

"O 

1 

exagor 

Prism. 

ia0S  ? 

M-cS  3 

c-sa 

^ S^a 

0 0 Si 
cs3P* 

es 

0 

0 

W 

« 

MP4 

© 

Same  of  th 
Species. 

cT 

u 

"0 

3 

(h 

of 

a 

g 

Q< 

<sf 

*0 

a 

0 

cf 

*53 

OJ 

S=! 

*3 

.a 

a 

a 

3 

r3 

a 

a 

0 

«T 

® .3 

a .a 

p4  3 

j§  i 

a 

0 

bp 

£ 

a 

CQ 

H 

CQ 

m 

0 

*P  ^4 

3 

12 


DETERMINATIVE  MINERALOGY. 


8 

a 

& 

a 

ej 

© 

i* 

rt 

q . 

! 

q 

O 

© 

p. 

"S. 

_o 

crepitates  and  is 
fusible. 

ells  and  forms  asp 
mass. 

ses  in  the  flame 

candle. 

Infusible. 

Infusible. 

Infusible. 

Infusible. 

"3 

© 

§ 

*5 

q 

n 

a 

Infusible, 

a high  heat,  on  < 

coal,  gives  off  Zn 

W 

© 

ts 

0 

Em 

«u 

< 

02 

Cm 

<1 

•02 

.2 

CQ 

CM 

o . 

gq 

'd 

© © 

P N 

P 

JD 

© 

r*> 

c © 
q a 
a . . 

s in 

FI  Cl. 

P nr 
.2  ’8 

•£  © C 

.gq  © 
o £ > 
ai  *g 

P. 

If 
© ? 

CO 

« 

3 

j3 

3 

OQ 

P 

3 

02 

S02W 

-a«H 
*3  © 

£ 

P 

3 

CO 

P 

HH 

3 

P 

3 

CQ 

®q‘:^ 
q „ .S 

IS 

00 

Solubli 

warm  1 

Colors  and 
Physical 
Properties. 

White,  gray  ■ 

or  red. 

White  or 
brown. 

White,  red  or 
brown. 

Blue. 

White, yellow, 
green,  gray, 
brown,  black. 

Green. 

Dichroic. 

Gray,  malle- 

able. Ductile, 
Magnetic. 

Black. 

Magnetic. 

Black. 

3 

© 

© 

© 

12 

© 

2 

© 

© 

mM 

© 

3 

1 

© 

£ 

•2  a 

E©  > 

rs  O 

02 

£ 

£ 

& 

£ 

O 

M 

c 

© 

5 

Si* 

CO 

P 

O 

© 

gi* 

% 

u CO 

c3  P 

y 

3 

0 

©* 

.2 

GO 

P3 

2 S3 

ft* 

§| 

© 

gl 

© 

*5 

3 

Hi 

i p, 
fc> 

£ 

-2  °* 

£ 

k 

\< 

o3 

£ 

« u 

i 0 
t>  >* 

£ 

i 

3 

!a 

Hard- 

ness. 

3.5 

to 

4 

<M  O c© 

2.5 

0 

CO  -S  ^ 

8.5 

4.5 

5.5 

to 

6 

V5 

> 

® o^: 

« O* 

® O M 

CD  c GO 

CO 

» 0 °° 

CO  o 00 

®o1 

K3  0» 

'*■>  cm 

H H 

<N 

©a  C<l 

CO  -H>  CO 

rji  -h>  0 

iO  ^ «o 

02  0 

© 

*3  d 

rc3 

© 

i 

3 

2 

n 

nr  0 

C 

12 

a 

3 a 

q 

3 

© 

2 

Ph 

nchoid 

flat. 

1 ® 

•*3  a 

a s 

0 ^ 

> 

© 

a 

P 

’© 

rP 

© 

P 

© 

© 

© 

p 

fc> 

nchoid 

unevei 

3 

C3 

W 

ubeonc 

idal. 

3 

rP 

© 

P 

O 

o 

o 

O © 

a 

m 

Q 

© 

<3> 

© 

© 

© . 

© 

© 

© 

© 

to 

rP 

o 

5 g 
© 2 

q 

0 . 

rP 

© A 

5 <3 

^ a 
© :r  . 

5 d 
©2 

6 d 
© ? 

rP  A 

©2 

© 

-4-5 

+*  a 

^ >o 

’*■*  'p 

> 

— « CO 

»—  © 

, — , V? 

13 .2 

3 £3 

Is 

© 

© »P 

-P  & 

c3 

© 

5 

JP  r© 
c3 

lS 

;©.© 

rt 

3 ^ 

PS  p 
p g 

Is 

'rt 
p © 

(S 

(2 

£ 

c2  w 

nr  — : 

© 

© 

© 

o'© 

a 

© 

03 

§ 2 

2^ 

•S'Sv 

p 

0 

Primitiv 

Form. 

c 0® 

I sr 

r’og 

*© 

© 

© 

||| 

§ i£ 

Oq 

jg  p 

12  0 
c 13 

b a 

t.  Ehom 
Prism  0 
126°25' 

s 

2 So- 

Cube. 

Cube. 

u 

© 

rP 

g 

3 

0 

P3 

© M 

CQ  S 

Ph 

« 

O 

© 

0' 

Name  of  tl 
Species. 

of 

’3 

3 

3 

Kalinite, 

Cryolite, 

Turquois, 

W avellite, 

Chryso- 

beryl, 

Iron, 

Magnetite 

.*9 

3 

n 

cS 

u 

frl 

DETERMINATIVE  MINERALOGY. 


13 


s’ 

§Jp 

M l 

S8F 

^ i 

© tD 
c3  c3 

o3 

CO 

© 

cS 

CO 

a . 

e5 

n 

a . 

CO 

I 

CO 

U 

a 

o 

« m 

0) 

o 

2 

eS 

.G 

o 

© 

In  E.F1  bli 
becomes  m 
netic. 

In  E.Fl.Bli 
becomes  m 
netic. 

In  E.F1.  B1 
becomes  m 
netic. 

5 4 
^ © 
no  © 
d * 
c3  © 

'C  o 
§ “ 

:oo-J 

S and  fori 

itic  globule 

o 

o 

o 

•°  © 

'C  ■£ 

a © 

«3  a 

M 3> 

o 53 

o 

o 

<D 

« 

'd  *-13 

as  a 

« 

© a 

o8« 

— 1 ©*3 

® © 60 
"S  © cs 

% 

Se 

o 

3 

Infusible, 
ens  and 

©'O 

a § 

*s  § 

a ® 

© 'G 

a S 

IS 
a ® 

tj  c 

sa 

> 

5 

St3  § 

O 60 

© g 
> 

3 

5tt  a 

O bD 

sa 

5 

M a 

/3 

QQ 

G 

U 

a 

H 

la 

o 

to 

<y 

J 

la  3 

o - 

8® 

Q 

Action  of 
Acids. 

Soluble  when 
in  powder,  in 
HC1. 

Soluble  in 
H(J1. 

Soluble  in 
warm  HC1. 

Soluble  in 
HC1  and  de- 
posits S. 

Soluble  in  N, 

but  deposits 

b. 

Soluble  in  N, 

but  deposits 

S. 

Soluble  in 

water. 

Soluble  in 

water. 

Soluble. 

Colors  and 
Physical 
Properties. 

Steel  gray  or 
iron  black. 
Sometimes 
magnetic. 

Yellow,  red, 
or  blackish 
brown. 

Dark  brown. 

Bronze  yellow 
and  copper 
red.  Slightly 
magnetic. 

Bronze  yel- 
low. 

Pale  bronze 

yellow  with  a 

green  or  gray 

tint. 

Green  or 

white.  Be- 

comes yellow 
on  exposure. 

Yellow. 

Blue  or  green. 

OT3 

© 

r=i 

© 

Streak. 

0) 

,£3 

^3 

o ^2 

g-d 

S 9 

b£i  > 

’C  ° 

rownish 
ow  or  ocl 
yellow, 

Yellowis 

brown. 

ark  gray 
black. 

Brownis 

black. 

Grayish  ( 
brownis 
black. 

White. 

Yellow 

3 

& 

jf 

_G 

25  .S 

P5~ 

Q 

3 

'© 

C 

* fl 

m © *3 

© 

S-©  . 
a ^ 

.2 

§£? 

co 

3 

>* 

® § 

o 

< o 

0 

vA 

«•§ 
s a 

si 

© 

= =2  3 
o s 

J§1 

PI’S 

Silky,  su 
tallic  a 
earth; 

Is 

5 

.21 

11 

S *> 

'S 

a 

o 

? 

c3 

o 

Ph 

© 

S2 

0) 

Hard- 

ness. 

5 

to 

6.5 

o o» 
■**  »Q 

wo10. 

+n  lO 

50  O *°. 

CO 

co  o ^ 

o 

«o 

(M 

1.5 

1.5 

to 

2 

«s  5* 

© > 

W ow 

O ^ 

O — u 

O xo 

• o00. 

00 

^4 

T— 1 

SO 

e.g 

rji  \a 

CO  ^ 

-cJ4  +»  -4*1 

^4 

tJ4  T*4 

rH 

(M* 

CO  (5 

• d 

, 

<0 

H 

d 

o 

-d  a> 

s| 

o 3 

u 

Si 

(4 

o . 

to  ^ 

§£ 

o 

.£3 
© . 

©I 

*3  d 

ii 

C3 

© 

© 

'rt 

2 

o 

rfl 

C3 

> 

© 

g 

O t-» 

© » 

ft  C* 

o'73 

r®  a 

a 

o 

c5 

a 

O 

e 5 

P 8 

i2  ^ 

H=> 

3 

m 

o 

o 

P 

a 

o 

O 

H 

P 

© 

9 • 

© 

a> 

<D 

o 

o 

^,■2  , 

rd  rt 

•g 

-U  *2  fr-i  d 

rg 

5 cS 

« 

bo 

c3 

o o 0 

.S3*®  * 

© 

o . 

+*  © 

« ^5  o 

,©  o g t- 

T-  ” 'O 

Sg 

o 

^ d 

O . 

^ <D 

o.2 

> 

cS 

o> 

3 

X — S g 
~ « o o 

5!*i 

r D« 

8 3£1 

'S  2 

S| 

CO 

c3 

c3 

g 

cu 

«-  © ® 
a.,®  x>  a 

m S3  « 

c3  O 
p< 

c2 

CO 
<D  C3 

CS 

(2 

40 

<D  03 

c3 

c3 

Ph 

”©  o‘o 
g;  a © 

e3  ^3 

50 

Ph 

.2 

o 

o 

• 

O O 

2*-. 

*3 

©«« 

^3 

« .2  V 

•iniitiv 

Form. 

^cO 

Ji& 

Ehom 
rism  o 
94°52' 

iss 

8g*| 

C3  -*->  d 

§ a 

Sffl 

Cube. 

Ehom 
i-ism  o 
106°2' 

nclinec 
hombi 
rism  o 
52°21' 

?xagon 

Prism. 

© ,o  C C<l 

2 a 

PU 

Ph,*3 

M 

-So!3 
®.o  rt 

s 

w 

« 

M 

hHMOHT-1 

© 

ja 

^ 03 

o.2 

of 

4H> 

cT 

4d 

of 

cT 

cT 

6 

<D 

oT 

© © 
e g. 
§co 

«3 

a 

0) 

w 

3 

a> 

o 

O 

'3 

o 

a 

3 

o 

•a 

H 

Q? 

Pyrite, 

‘1 

o 

u 

c3 

Melant 

rite, 

'P4 

a 

*& 

o 

O 

‘a 

.a 

*£ 

P 

14 


DETERMINATIVE  MINERALOGY. 


DETERMINATIVE  MINERALOGY. 


15 


16 


DETERMINATIVE  MINERALOGY. 


DETERMINATIVE  MINERALOGY. 


17 


18 


DETERMINATIVE  MINERALOGY. 


t 

© 

1 

© 

2 

"o 

a 

<2 

09 

© 

© 

U 

<2 

CO 

© 

.2 

<2 

CO 

© 

© 

CO 

© 

09 

<2 

id  fuses 

he  reac* 

1.,  & Pb. 

CO 

'd 

0 co 

OQ  N 
©^ 

C3 

■e.2 

© 

c3 

§ 

c3 

© 

•2 

a 

So 

a 

cl 

6 

Re 

Ti. 

Wh 

jO 

"3 

3 

*3 

63 

:ai 

8 Id 

CO 

© 

0 

0 

© 

a, 

£ 

© 

s 

\m  qq 
fej  C5 
© 

CO 

5 

Infusible. 

Infusible. 

Infusible. 

s 

Ph 

© 

Pm 

*4 

© 

to 

© 

5 

Decrepitat 

easily.  Gi 

tions  for  S.l 

"S 

*& 

© 

© 

© 

ft 

© *o 

5§ 

® co 
© a> 

V< 

© . 

a .s'.-! 

jg 

© 

© 

"1 ' 

; ti 

i 

'c:-^ 

iction 

Acids 

® g o.  . 

D ci'D 

r© 

© 

3 

CO 

a 

r© 

a 

o 

QQ 

.© 

3 

© 

CO 

fl 

3 

a 

3 

a 

© 

.s 

,o 

^ .5  a 

S WS 

3 

3 

CO 

a 

^ -S 

? ,2 

S 3 

® S'  g 

tc 

Ph 

a 

.2  . • H,'  3 

o-*^s 

HH 

Pi  5S 

olors  and 

Physical 

roperties. 

;eel  gray, 
on  black, 
isb,  or  yel- 
lowish. 

ellowish, 
wn,  or  red, 
black. 

own,  blue, 
yellow. 

Brown, 
*llow,  red, 
black. 

£ 

cb 

*© 

c3 

© 

•d 

© 

Ph 

£ 

■a 

© 

teel  gray, 

;ad  gray, 

on  black. 

iite,  tinged 

tli  yellow, 

ue,  green. 

ead  gray, 

lisli  or  red- 

dish. 

O Ph 

(fiia 

X3 

r<  g 

i3 

cq 

>» 

Hi 

a2L5.i; 

£>3 

H 

■“ 

(3 

Ef 

co 

CO 

© 

.© 

6D 

£ 

^© 

£ . 

2 bI) 

fig*S 

© 

a 

C5  • 

5 © 

© 

© 

.o 

© 

73 

© 

'3 

>> 

© 

tt-.S 
'c  .2 

^ bfc2 

^3 

^3 
© « 

02 

PQ 

© 

73 

Ph 

■o 

O 

o 

O 

3 

OQ 

to 

© 

2 

o 

Vco 

M 

Stee 

lead 

iron 

3 

Q 

eW  © 

G -a 

05 

cJ 

s5 

© 

u 

© 

d 

*3  © 
c © 

»ri  • 

IS 

■sj 

© 

© 

© 

.2 

s 

|| 

© ^ 

© “3j 

g:  a 

73 

1 

0 

cS 

a 

1 

p 

S a 
© 
s 

II 

S 

3 1 
a 

s 

s 

M 

«3 

»o 

2 

CO 

<D  O4®. 

“.o® 

» Oea 

iO 

. 

o eo 

10  0 *7 

«o« 

^ 2 00 

W.OM 

lO  -*• 

»o 

1-1 

<N  <N 

<M 

<M 

<M  HL> 

s 

"C  ■> 

co  © to 

H.oN. 

°°.  o 

^H 

CO 

J>  O®. 

CO 

^ o°® 

O.  t. 

**  •<* 

rjn  +» 

CO  CO 

31 

iO  O 

«o 

QO 

® o 

i £3 

# 

« n 

© 

1 

© 

d 

© 

© 

© ® 

|1 

3 

■s . 

d 

© 

© 

£ 

3 

© 

i> 

n 

3 a 

'O  © 

*o  ^ 

3 

3 

‘0 

u 

0 

3 

a 

CS 

fl 

0-0 

3 

© 

© 

© u 

•a  a 

© 

c3 

£ 

P 

r©  O 

s 

■s 

P 

W 

w 

-0  © 

a 

0 

O 

03 

^r5 

© 

O 

0 

© 

© 

© 

© 

r© 

•3  o 

-C 

£ © 

5*1  -• 

5 © 

Cleavage. 

arallel  to  1 
Prism. 

arallel  to  1 
Octahedro 
and  base. 

arallel  to  1 
Prism. 

arallel  to  1 
faces  of  tt 
Cube. 

arallel  to  1 
Macro  am 
Brachy 
Pinacoids 

arnllel  to  1 
Prism  am 
base. 

arallel  to  1 
faces  of  tl: 
Cube. 

CL, 

&■ 

Ch 

CU 

Pm 

Cl, 

Ph 

© 

© 

© 

.2 

.0 

0 

© 

ci  . 

c3 

cJ 

r© 

G 

IS  4- 

rimitiv 

Form. 

ht  Squi 
Prism  ? 

03  v> 

•f?  £ 

&a 

OQ  OT 

2 °b 

O go 

2 .2  o 

H ^ Oi 

Cube. 

© 

"3 

© 

Cube. 

2 wb 

J 2^ 
S|S 

£ ~ 00 

iig 

P3  u® 

Cube. 

Pli 

6b 

60 

ti. 

4 * 

Ph 

3 

3 

3 

Ph 

Ph 

H 

a> 

oT 

Name  of  the 
Species. 

Stannite, 

Rutile, 

Octahedrit 

Brookite, 

Lead, 

Minium, 

Galenite, 

Bournoniti 

oT 

Qi 

To 

Clausthal- 

ite, 

DETERMINATIVE  MINERALOGY. 


19 


20 


DETERMINATIVE  MINERALOGY. 


Hd 

*6 

P 

2 

m 

CO 

0 

M 

© 

© 

N 

•E3 

N 

|P 

© 

i 

£ 

3 

« 

© 

i2 

tn 

© 

N 

*§ 

© 

3 

o 

[S 

O 

O 

> 

0 

> 

Q 

eS 

o 

t? 

*P 

p> 

*p 

'P 

£ 

I? 

a, 

"S. 

*55 

3 

© 

P 

c5 

CQ 

§ 

w 

S 

CQ 

nd 

0 

as 

'P 

p 

oS 

.2  ^ 

© 

o 

w 

CO 

CO 

© 

CO 

CO 

CQ 

© 

3 

3 

Ph 

Ph 

Ph 

m 

d 

CQ 

P 

*co 

p 

Ph 

Ph 

Ph 

Action  of 
Acids.  | 

Soluble  and 
deposits  S. 

With  ii,  As 

is  deposited. 

Slightly  sol- 
uble in  hot 
water. 

Partly  sol- 
uble in  aqua 
regia. 

Soluble  in 

aqua  regia. 

Soluble  in 

aqua  regia. 

Soluble  in 

HC1. 

Soluble  in 

aqua  regia. 

Soluble. 

Colors  and 
Physical 
Properties. 

Steel  gray. 

Tin  white, 
tarnishes  to 
gray. 

White,  or 
yellowish. 

Red  and 
orange  yellow. 

Yellow. 

Tin  white. 

Grayish 

white. 

White,  red  or! 

brown. 

Lead  gray  and 

blackish. 

Sometimes 

iridescent. 

i 

gray. 

2 

3 

© 

£ 

o 

d 

© 

4 

$ 

to 

if 

3d 

© 

£ 

|q 

ao 

© 

o 

£ 

£ 

M 

h 

a 

£ 

► 

1 

03 

EH 

1 

© 

u 

0 

tZ 

<D 

.2 

1 

o 

CO  , 

P fc»-> 

<ri 

P 

O 

O CO 

>>o 

.2 

1 

oi 

d 

0 

0 

.s  t; 

.2 

s 

p 

h1 

3 

© 

© 

a 

.a 

d 

GQ 

© j? 
is -3 
> 

P 

“3 

M 

S.2 

a,  co 
£ 2 

a 

!s 

j 

.3 

"So 

M 

11 

1 

rd 

◄ 

rcS 

© 

a 

*P  30 

'O 

rS  © 

»b 

CO 

lO 

1.5 

to 

2 

CO 

to 

3.5 

2 

to 

10 

CQ 

2.5 

to 

3 

5Q 

’© 

« o 

os 

CO 

o 

tH 

« 0 

co 

10 

*0.  O °. 

2.S 

oo 

ib 

CO 

CO  CO 

CO 

O H (Q 

JO 

10 

»b 

^ ^ 

03(5 

3 

, 

© 

d 

© >: 

3 

s 

"c3  p 

"3 

-d 

"o 

Hd 

P 

© 

2 

Ph 

V 

> 

<v 

a 

P 

c — 

« d 
t-  a 

«J  c3 

}§  M) 

o 

r© 

© 

P 

o 

O 

*P  © 

*5 

!§ 

"3 

a 

0 

O 

Subconc 

dal. 

© 

© 

© I 

© 

© 

£ 

3d 

3 a 

ra 

5 d 

£3 

Jd  c3 

© 

bo 

© . 

o 

o 

o fT  . 

o 

0 

c ±> 

3 a 

C ST"  . 

pS 

^ © 

^ © 

■**  a3 

. -d 

© 

*7d 

c3 

% § 

— • n 
© r3 

% 3 

2 

3 

*©  ^3 

'S  *g 

"3  S*’3 

© 

O 

Cw 

u 

P U O 

g g 

7; 

33 

11 

— — w 

1 2 

£ 

3 

CL, 

£ 

(2« 

c5 

© 

.2 

• 

rimitive 

Form. 

o'? 

•®  OX, 

£ 9? 
.a’doO 

io. 

S lo- 

513 

Cube. 

•o-2's 

<X  33  ® o 
-Sfi« 

'S  a .2% 
c -o  ’C  t- 

3*-» 

IgP 

S-SI 

O 

rO 

s 

© 

IE 

^ C30 

P 

O 

^P 

© 

a 

SE? 

5 »<o 

W -geo 

i!. 

^ .E  5 
”£°=>  1 

^d  — o> 

eu 

»-<P32h 

&XI 

© 

.61  O 

tt 

O 

C5 

S3 

© 

, 

of 

ame  of  th 
Species. 

'Z)  03 
cS 

^ a 

of 

’3 

03 

CO 

of 

■*-> 

o 

S 

xn 

U 

d 

bp 

'3 

4^ 

s 

§ 

’E, 

> 

0 

a 

» 

0 

IS 

3 *13 

a 

03 

of 

’3 

& 

03  « 

*H 

03 

Si 

0 

■fiS 

H 

<1 

Ph 

O 

OQ 

CO 

DETERMINATIVE  MINERALOGY. 


21 


22 


DETERMINATIVE  MINERALOGY. 


Blowpipe  Characters. 

lackens,  fuses,  and  gives 
a magnetic  globule. 

ises  to  a magnetic  glo- 
ile.  Gives  reactions 
for  Cu. 

acrepi fates,  gives  off 

s.  and  Sb.  and  becomes 

magnetic. 

ives  off  As.  and  Sb.  and 

fuses  to  a malleable 

globule. 

>ses  water,  fuses,  and 

ves  a malleable  globule. 

ises  and  gives  a globule 

of  copper. 

>lors  the  flame  intense 

bluish-green. 

Gives  off  Cl. 

isible  to  a partly  mal- 

leable globule. 

ves  fumes  of  As.  and 

fuses. 

05 

OH 

O 

O '5b 

Eh 

O 

Eh 

5 

O . 

© 

© 

3 

3 

© 

cS 

© 

© 

Action 

Acids 

“ a 
>.  — 

IS  m 

Oh  3 

2 

2 

GO 

3 

0 

*© 

GTJ 

Partly  i 
uble. 

Soluble 

water 

Solubl 

2 

3 

2 

m 

3 

© 

© 

OQ 

1 

o 

GO 

Colors  and 
Physical 
Properties. 

Copper  red  & 
pinchbeck 
brown.  Easily 
tarnishes. 

Brass  yellow. 

Lead  gray  to 
iron  black. 

Steel  gray  to 
iron  black. 

Sky  blue. 

Emerald  or 

blackish 

green. 

Bright  or  dark 

green. 

Olive  or  black- 

ish green. 

Light  to  dark 

green. 

Streak. 

Pale  grayish, 
black  and 
shining. 

Greenish, 
black  or 
shining. 

Dark,  reddish, 
gray. 

Same  as  color. 

Colorless. 

Paler  than 
color. 

Apple  green. 

Olive  green. 

Olive  green  or 

brown. 

£ 

| 

g 

© 

.2 

3 

© 

50 

0 

© 

si 

3 8 

cri 

0 

© 

2 ®> 

.5  3 
| 8 

<*5 

0 

Hi 

© 

a 

© 

a 

1 

© 

S 

© 

a 

| 

> 

u 

£ 

u 

2 H 

.2 

© 

M 

i * 

"5  H 

<i  o 

H o 

Hard- 

ness. 

CO 

CO 

CO  ■*» 

3 

to 

4.5 

2.5 

3.5 

to 

4 

CO 

*5 

1-1  o CO 

CO  0 

o r-J 

03 

»o°i 

„ o 

»o® 

*1  o 

cL  2 

rjl  ^ Tji 

^ 

Tjl  »Q 

cd 

CO  -H>  CO 

-H  ^ 

CO  -HI  CO 

Th  +*  ^ 

CQcS 

o 

H 

o 

.A  3 

• d 

© 

© 

£ ® 

-c  § 

a 

"3  2 
*3  | 

2 

15 

”3 

1! 

© 

cS 

(4 

1| 

3 3 

I ® 

13 

> 

<s 

3 

fc> 

§3 

Jo  © 

a 

'c 

33 

o 

3 

o 

1 

3 

o 

Is 

© 

© — i 

3=  a 

O 

o 

GQ  cS 

O 

O 

OD  « 

O 

c> 

© 

rJj  © 

ci  -yj 

© g 

3 • 

© 

01  . 

33  2 

O)  . 

33  ® 

© 

r© 

Cleavage. 

Parallel  to  t 
Octahedroi 

• 

Difficult  par 
lei  to  the  ba 

Difficult 
parallel  to  tl 
Rhombic 
Dodecahedi 

Traces  paral 
to  the  Octf 
hedron. 

Parallel  to  t 
Prism. 

© 1 

s 2 

2 § 

£2 

- a 

o o 

a § 

Imperfect 

Parallel  to  t 
Prism. 

© 

o 

© 

© 

© 

S 

d 

Q 

© 

2 

is 

Primitiv 

Form. 

Cube. 

&a 

aQ.2 

3=  Oh 

SO 

rO 

C3 

© 

© 

ra 

cj 

© 

Doubly 

iuclinet 

homboit 

Prism. 

a = © 

o 

m|o 

Oh  '-l 

a ®o 

o a «•» 

S|5s 

^ Oh  1-1 

t.  Ehom 
Prism  o 
92°20' 

6 co 

C ©CO 
,£3 

w *u  ©i 

M 

o 

H 

05 

Oh 

Oh 

05 

Same  of  the 
Species. 

of 

'3 

Hi 

O 

halcopy- 

rite, 

af 

fl 

c3 

P3 

G 

QJ 

etralied- 

rite, 

halcan- 

thite, 

rochantite 

cf 

i 

o 

H-> 

af 

+j 

‘3 

a> 

A 

<D 

.Q 

«T 

*3 

o 

> 

PQ 

O 

H 

H 

O 

CO 

<H 

3 

O 

DETERMINATIVE  MINERALOGY. 


23 


DETERMINATIVE  MINERALOGY. 


INDEX. 


Aikinite, 

Page 

19 

Alabandite, 

15 

Albite, 

4 

Aluminite, 

11 

Alunite, 

12 

Alunogen, 

11 

Amalgam, 

23 

Ampbibole, 

2 

Analcite, 

7 

Andalusite, 

5 

Anglesite, 

18 

Anhydrite, 

10 

Annabergite, 

17 

Anorthite, 

4 

Antimony, 

20 

Apatite, 

10 

Aphthitalite, 

8 

Apophyllite, 

7 

Aragonite, 

10 

Argentite, 

23 

Arsenic, 

20 

Arseniosiderite,  14 

Arsenolite, 

20 

Arsenopyrite, 

14 

Atacamite, 

22 

Autunite, 

21 

Azurite, 

23 

Barite, 

9 

Barytocalcite, 

9 

Beryl, 

Page 

2 

Bieberite, 

16 

Biotite, 

3 

Bismuth, 

19 

Bismuthinite, 

19 

Boracite, 

11 

Borax, 

9 

Bornite, 

22 

Bournonite, 

18 

Braunite, 

15 

Brochantite, 

22 

Bromyrite, 

24 

Brookite, 

18 

Brucite, 

11 

Calamine, 

6 

Calcite, 

10 

Calomel, 

23 

Carbonic  Acid,  1 

Cassiterite, 

17 

Celestite, 

9 

Cerargyrite, 

24 

Cerussite, 

19 

Chabazite, 

7 

Chalcanthite, 

22 

Chalcocite, 

21 

Chalcopyrite, 

22 

Chlorastrolite, 

, 6 

Chondrodite, 

5 

Chromite, 

14 

Chrysoberyl, 

Pag< 

12 

Chrysocolla, 

6 

Chrysolite, 

2 

Cinnabar, 

23 

Clausthalite, 

18 

Cobaltite, 

16 

Columbite, 

14 

Copiapite, 

13 

Copper, 

21 

Corundum, 

11 

Crocoite, 

19 

Cryolite, 

12 

Cuprite, 

21 

Cyanite, 

5 

Datolite, 

5 

Diamond, 

1 

Diaspore, 

11 

Dioptase, 

6 

Dolomite, 

10 

Embolite, 

24 

Epidote, 

3 

Epsomite, 

11 

Erythrite, 

16 

Euclase, 

5 

Fibrolite, 

5 

Fluorite, 

10 

Franklinite, 

12 

Galenite, 

Page 

1§ 

Garnet, 

3 

Glauberite, 

8 

Gold, 

24 

Goslarite, 

17 

Goethite, 

13 

Graphite, 

1 

Gypsum, 

10 

Halite, 

8 

Harmotome, 

7 

Hausmannite, 

15 

Hauynite, 

4 

Hematite, 

13 

Heulandite, 

7 

Hydrozincite, 

17 

Iodyrite, 

24 

Iolite, 

3 

Iridosmine, 

24 

Iron, 

12 

Kalinite, 

12 

Kermesite, 

21 

Labradorite, 

4 

Lapis  Lazuli, 

4 

Laumontite, 

6 

Lead, 

18 

Lepidolite, 

3 

Leucite, 

4 

26 


DETERMINATIVE  MINERALOGY. 


Leucopyrite, 

Page 

ll 

Libethenite, 

22 

Limonite, 

13 

Linnaeite, 

16 

Liroconite, 

23 

Magnesite, 

11 

Magnetite, 

12 

Malachite, 

23 

Manganite, 

15 

Marcasite, 

13 

Mascagnite, 

9 

Melanterite, 

13 

Menaccanite, 

14 

Mercury. 

23 

Millerite, 

16 

Mimetite, 

19 

Minium, 

18 

Mirabilite, 

8 

Molybdenite, 

21 

Molybdite, 

21 

Muscovite, 

3 

Natrolite, 

7 

Natron, 

9 

Nephelite, 

4 

Niccolite, 

16 

Nitre, 

8 

Octahedrit*, 

18 

Oligoclase, 

Page 

4 

Olivenite, 

22 

Opal, 

1 

Orpiment, 

20 

Orthoclase, 

5 

Pectolite, 

6 

Petalite, 

2 

Pharmacolite, 

10 

Pharmacoside- 

rite, 

14 

Phenacite, 

3 

Platinum, 

24 

Polybasite, 

24 

Prehnite, 

6 

Prochlorite, 

8 

Proustite, 

23 

Psilomelane, 

15 

Pyrargyrite, 

24 

Pyrite, 

13 

Pyrolusite, 

15 

Pyromorphite,  19 

Pyroxene, 

2 

Pyrrhotite, 

13 

Quartz, 

1 

Realgar, 

20 

Remingtonite, 

16 

Rhodochrosite,  16  j 

Rhodonite, 

Page 

2 

Rutile, 

18 

Sal-Ammoniac,  9 

Sassolite, 

1 

Scheelite, 

10 

Scorodite, 

14 

Senarmontite, 

20 

Sepiolite, 

7 

Serpentine, 

8 

Siderite, 

14 

Silver, 

23 

Smaltite, 

16 

Smithsonite, 

17 

Soda-nitre, 

8 

Sphalerite, 

17 

Spinel, 

11 

Spodumene, 

2 

Stannite, 

18 

Staurolite, 

6 

Stephanite, 

24 

Stibnite, 

20 

Stilbite, 

7 

Stolzite, 

19 

Strontianite, 

9 

Sulphur, 

1 

Talc, 

7 

Tellurium, 

1 

Tennantite, 

22 

Tetradymite, 

Page 

20 

Tetrahedrite, 

22 

Thenardite, 

8 

Titanite, 

6 

Topaz, 

5 

Torbernite, 

21 

Tourmaline, 

5 

Triplite, 

15 

Turquois, 

12 

Ullmannite, 

17 

Uraninite, 

21 

Valentinite, 

20 

Vesuvianite, 

3 

Vivianite, 

13 

Wad, 

15 

Water, 

1 

Wavellite, 

12 

Wernerite, 

4 

Willemite, 

2 

Witherite, 

9 

Wolframite, 

15 

Wollastonite, 

2 

Wulfenite, 

19 

Zaratite, 

17 

Zincite, 

17 

Zircon, 

3 

